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    2A3 Osmosis

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    Kamiya Kaskey
    The document discusses osmosis, which is the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water potential to lower water potential. Osmosis in cells involves water moving into or out of cells to equalize the concentration of solutes and free water molecules on both sides of the cell membrane. The document provides examples of how animal and plant cells are affected by osmosis in hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic solutions.

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    2A3 Osmosis

    Uploaded by

    Kamiya Kaskey
    7 views10 pages
    The document discusses osmosis, which is the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water potential to lower water potential. Osmosis in cells involves water moving into or out of cells to equalize the concentration of solutes and free water molecules on both sides of the cell membrane. The document provides examples of how animal and plant cells are affected by osmosis in hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic solutions.

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    Osmosis IAS Biology

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    The document discusses osmosis, which is the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water potential to lower water potential. Osmosis in cells involves water moving into or out of cells to equalize the concentration of solutes and free water molecules on both sides of the cell membrane. The document provides examples of how animal and plant cells are affected by osmosis in hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic solutions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    7 views10 pages

    2A3 Osmosis

    Uploaded by

    Kamiya Kaskey
    The document discusses osmosis, which is the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water potential to lower water potential. Osmosis in cells involves water moving into or out of cells to equalize the concentration of solutes and free water molecules on both sides of the cell membrane. The document provides examples of how animal and plant cells are affected by osmosis in hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic solutions.

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    2A- 3 Osmosis

    TO UNDERSTAND WHAT IS MEANT BY OSMOSIS IN TERMS OF MOVEMENT OF FREE


    WATER MOLECULES THROUGH A PARTIALLY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE, DOWN A
    WATER POTENTIAL GRADIENT
    What is Osmosis ?

     Osmosis is the net movement of free water molecules through a partially


    permeable membrane, down a water potential gradient.
     Water potential of a solution measures the concentration of free water molecules-
    the water molecules that are not associated with solute molecules. More free water
    molecules mean a higher water potential.
     Therefore, osmosis in cells involves the movement of water from a region of
    high-water potential to a region of lower water potential down a water potential
    gradient across a partially permeable membrane such as the cell surface
    membrane or nuclear membrane.
    The osmotic
    concentration
     The osmotic concentration of a
    solution concern only those solutes
    that have an osmotic effect.
     Many large insoluble molecules found
    in cytoplasm(starch and lipids), do not
    affect the movement of water and so
    are ignored when considering osmotic
    concentration. Only soluble particle
    are considered (including plasma
    proteins such as albumin and
    fibrinogen).
    Modelling
    osmosis in
    cell;
    Sucrose
    example
     Recap;

    In animals
     (A) In hypotonic solution, water
    moves in and the cell swells and
    burst
     (B) In Isotonic solution the red
    blood cell maintain its normal
    shape
     (C) In Hypertonic solution, water
    moves out and the cell shrivels
    In plants
    • In plant cells, the cellulose cell wall prevents cells bursting. If the surrounding fluid
    is hypotonic to the cytoplasm of a plant cell water will enter the cell by osmosis but
    not indefinitely.
    • This is because cytoplasm swells and presses on the cell walls, it generates hydrostatic
    pressure.
    • The inward pressure of the cell wall on the cytoplasm increases until it cancels out the
    tendency of water molecules to move in.
    • This inward pressure is called pressure potential.
    • When the osmotic force moving water into plant cell is balanced by the pressure
    potential forcing it out, the plant cell is rigid, in a state known as turgor.
    In plants

     When the surrounding solution is hypertonic, water moves out of the cell by
    osmosis and turgor is lost. The cell membrane begins to pull away from the cell
    wall as the protoplasm (cytoplasm+nucleus) shrinks. This is called incipient
    plasmolysis.
     We measure incipient plasmolysis using serial dilations, looking for the point at
    which 50% of the cells are plasmolyzed and 50% are not.
     If the cell in a hypertonic solution water will move out, vacuole will be reduced,
    and the protoplasm will shrink away completely- the cell suffers from
    plasmolysis.
     However, the presence of cell wall causes no/little change in the size and shape of
    the plant( whether they are fully turgid or plasmolyzed). They do not swell and
    burst, nor do they become very small. Only the contents change.
    Example of red beet plant
    TASK

    Check out the summary of Osmosis and water potential video;


    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-osEc07vMs

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