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    Week1 Introduction To Ethics and The Law

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    niranji

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    Week1 Introduction To Ethics and The Law

    Uploaded by

    niranji
    11 views19 pages

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    Week1 Introduction to Ethics and the Law

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    11 views19 pages

    Week1 Introduction To Ethics and The Law

    Uploaded by

    niranji

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    An Introduction to

    Ethics and the Law


    A Perspective for Nurses

    Chapter 1

    Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


    Nurses must have knowledge of ethics and
    the law, as this is important to the practice
    of nursing. This knowledge includes
    How ethics in nursing has evolved over the
    past century.

    The role of nurses as professionals.


    Introduction
    How ethical reasoning and shifting societal
    values influence and shape the law.

    The complex ethical and legal challenges


    that nurses face in their practice.

    Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 2


    Watch
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wQWkKQ0ZMg
    Introduction
    to Ethics

    Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 3


    LEARNING OUTCOMES
    1. Understanding the intersection between nursing
    and ethics
    2. Describe the connection between theories of
    The Good Life and Ethics
    3. Discuss the relationship between Ethics and
    Religion / Ethics and Human Nature

    Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 4


    Evolution of Ethics in Nursing
    (1 of 2)
    Early 20th Century
    • Florence Nightingale 1860
    • Emphasis on character, virtues, moral conduct
    • Advocacy for specific patients
    • Institutional focus on safe care.
    • Recognition of the moral foundation of care and the influence of caring on healing

    Early 21st Century


    • Additional focus on addressing complex ethical challenges and professional behaviour
    • Strong advocacy role for individual clients, families and broader health care system
    • Professional regulation including established standards, legal and ethical frameworks
    • Development of Nursing theory and knowledge regarding an ethic of care

    Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 5


    Evolution of Ethics in Nursing (2 of 2)

    Early 20th Century

    • Limited recognition of the importance of family


    • Early recognition of the importance of environment, poverty etc.
    • Deference to authority. Loyalty to physician and superiors
    • Passive, expectation to follow orders and rules

    Early 21st Century

    • Person and Family Centred Care


    • Strong emphasis on social justice, respect for differences and the values and beliefs
    of others
    • An autonomous profession, a collaborative, respectful member of the health care
    team
    • Focus on critical thinking with an evidence informed approach to care. Assertive,
    respectfully challenge plans that are ineffective or harmful

    Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 6


    Nurses the Law and Ethics
    Professions Including Nursing…

    Have an obligation to serve the public interest and the common


    good

    Possess a unique body of knowledge

    Have multiple accountabilities

    Are trusted to engage in decisions that influence and shape public


    policy, law, and societal norms

    Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7


    Why Should Nurses Study Ethics? (1 of 2)

    Morality and care is at the heart of nursing theory and practice

    Care is a moral imperative for nurses who as moral agents are


    accountable for knowing what is right and wrong in their practice

    To ensure awareness of and identification of the ethical issues at a


    client, leadership, organizational and system level

    Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 8


    Why Should Nurses Study Ethics? (2 of 2)

    Clarify and justify


    actions
    To support a position
    or perspective on a
    complex issue Understand the moral
    context of the values
    and beliefs of self and
    To ensure a shared others
    language, knowledge
    and understanding of
    the issues
    Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 9
    Moral Justification

    Nurses Must Understand and Have Knowledge of:

    Ethical Theories  Their Meaning for Nurses:

    • Ethical Theory and principles and the influence of values on


    ethical decision-making

    Available Resources that Guide Ethical Practice

    • The CNA Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses


    • Ethical Decision-Making Models and processes
    • Ethics Committees

    Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 10


    Why Must Nurses Know the Law?
    • Failure to understand professional responsibilities and standards
    places nurses at risk of disciplinary or legal action

    • Complex situations can arise before laws, such as Medical


    Assistance in Dying, are made to address them

    • Nurses have legal obligations to their patients

    • Nurses have legal rights that must be protected

    • The law holds nurses to a high standard that is regulated through


    professional self-governing bodies

    Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 11


    Legal Knowledge

    The Canadian Legal System:

    • The court systems


    • The journey to legislation
    • Canada Health Act, Charter of Rights and Freedoms
    • The Nurse’s Legal Accountabilities, including:
    Professional Competence, Misconduct, and
    Malpractice

    The Regulation of the Nursing Profession:

    • Legal and Organizational Structure of Nursing Bodies

    Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 12


    Complex Ethical and Legal Issues (1 of
    3)

    Nurses Face Many Challenges in their Practice Including:


    • Informed Consent  Rights and Obligations
    • Challenges with Children and the Mentally Ill

    • Complexity at the End of Life  The Ethical and Legal Challenges


    • Medical Assistance in Dying
    • Organ Donation

    Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 13


    Complex Ethical and Legal Issues (2 of 3)

    • Ethical and Legal Issues Related to Advancing Science and


    Technology, including:

    • Genetics, Genomics and Gene Editing


    • Stem Cell Technologies
    • Reproductive Technologies

    Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 14


    Complex Ethical and Legal Issues (3 of
    3)

    • Including those • Violence in the


    most vulnerable; Workplace
    Indigenous • Occupational
    Safeguarding People, LGBTQ2 Perspectives Health and Safety
    Patient communities, on the Rights • Collective
    Rights children and of Nurses
    seniors Bargaining
    • Person Centred • Healthy Work
    Care Environments

    Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 15


    The Intersection of Ethics
    and the Law

    Respect for autonomy • Dilemmas arise when autonomy and


    led to legislation the law conflict with what health
    regarding consent, professionals think would be in the
    capacity and privacy. person’s best interests.

    Respect for individual


    rights, compassion • Some believe this conflicts with the
    and well-being led to principle of sanctity of life.
    Medical Assistance in • Raises issue of conscientious objection.
    Dying.

    Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 16


    A strong understanding of ethics and the law
    assists nurses in meeting high standards of
    care and in making and defending their
    choices.

    Nurses are then able to:


    • Defend and protect patients’ rights
    Summary • Promote compassionate care
    • Enhance the dignity and autonomy of
    their clients
    • Understand their rights and
    responsibilities within a challenging and
    complex health care environment.

    Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 17


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    https://www.qhc.on.ca/photos/custom/Accreditation%
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    Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 18


    Chapter 1: Critical Thinking Discussion
    Points Review Questions
    1. What informed your decision to become a professional nurse?

    2. Identify what personal values you think you share with the nursing profession.

    3. Describe an ethical dilemma you have experienced in your life or as a student or nurse. What position
    did you take, and why? Did your personal values help you address this issue?

    4. Before you became a nursing student, were you expecting to discover that there are significant ethical
    and legal challenges associated with the nursing profession?

    5. Describe an encounter that you or your family have had with the health care system. Examine you or
    your family’s experience with the health care system. Was this a positive experience or a negative
    experience? What factors influenced this perspective? What changes would you make to this experience?

    6. In your opinion, what is the most significant legal issues that nurses may encounter? What do you think
    are the two most significant ethical issues that a nurse may face?

    7. If you were a patient or client today, what would you expect from the nurses caring for you? If a member
    of your family were a patient or client today, what would be your expectations? As a nurse or a nursing
    student, do you meet these expectations?

    Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 19

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