Unit 4: Input and OutPut

Devices
Input Output Device

The unit which is used to supply data into a computer are called input
devices. Those devices which are used to input data into computer and
retrieve data from computer is called input/output (I/O) devices.
These I/O devices provide the environment of communication between
the computer and outer the world. These I/O devices are called
peripheral devices.
Example:- keyboard, mouse, scanner, monitor, printer, etc. are I/O
devices.
Input Unit

Input units are used to input data or instructions into the computer.
They allow users to provide the computer with the necessary
information to perform a particular task. Examples of input units
include keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, and touchpad. Each
input unit has its own unique set of features and functions that enable
users to interact with the computer in different ways.
Output Unit

Output units, on the other hand, are used to display or present the
results of the computer's processing to the user. They provide users
with a way to see or hear the information generated by the computer.
Examples of output units include the monitor, printer, speakers, and
headphones. Each output unit has its own unique set of features and
functions that enable users to interact with the computer in different
ways.
Types of Input Devices
1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Trackball
4. Joystick
5. Digitizing tablet
6. Light pen
7. Touch screen
 Keyboard
Keyboard is an input device with various keys that enables you to enter data into
computer. Computer keyboard are similar with electric typewriter except
consisting extra additional keys. Keyboard consists following types of keys:

1. Alphanumeric keys:- Letters, and numbers

2. Punctation keys:- comma, period, semicolon and so on.
3. Special keys:- function keys, control keys, arrows keys cap lock key, and so on.

There are different types of keyboard having different number of keys. For
example, the original PC keyboard has 84 keys, AT keyboard has also 84 keys,
similarly the enhanced keyboard has 101 keys. Other keyboard consists up to 104
keys.
Mouse
The device that control the movements of cursor or pointer on a display
screen is called mouse.
A mouse is a small object that you can roll along a hard flat surface. As you
move the mouse the pointer on the display screen moves in the same
direction. Mouse consists one to three button which have different function
as required.
There are three types of Mouse:
1. Mechanical Mouse
2. Optical Mechanical Mouse
3. Optical Mouse
1. Mechanical Mouse
This type of mouse has a rubber or metal ball on its underside that roll in
all directions. Mechanical sensors within the mouse detect the direction
the ball is rolling and move the screen pointer accordingly.

2. Optical Mechanical Mouse

Same as mechanical mouse but it uses optical sensor to detect motion of
the ball

3. Optical Mouse
This type of mouse uses laser beam (special light) to detect the mouse’s
movement. Optical mouse has no mechanical moving parts; optical
mouse removes the drawback of mechanical mouse. So that they
respond more quickly and precisely than mechanical and opt mechanical
mouse but they area also more expensive than other mouses.
Mouse connection

Mouse use three methods to connect PC’S

• Serial mouse connect directly to an RS-232, SERIAL
PORT or PS/2 port. This is the simplest type of
connection.
• Bus mouse connect to the bus through an interface
card. This is some what more complicated because you
need to configure and install an expansion board.
• Cordless mouse are not physically connected at all.
Instead, they rely on infrared or radio waves to
communicate with the computer.
Trackball

Trackball is like mouse except that it requires less space than

mouse. When space is limited trackball is used to move the
pointer, you must rotate the ball with your thumb, fingers or
the palm of your hand.
Due to limited space in Laptop, trackball is used instead of
mouse. There are usually one to three buttons on trackball.
Trackball is popular than mouse because it is stationary so it
does not require much space and we can place it into any type
of surface.
Joysticks

A joystick is a pointing device which is often used

for playing compute games. The joystick has
gearshift like lever that is used to move the pointer
on the screen.
On most joysticks a button on the top is used to
select option. it is used to control robots. With a
joystick the pointer continues moving in the
direction the joystick pointing, to stop the pointer
you must return the joystick to its upright position.
Digitizing Tablet

This is an input device that enables you to enter drawing and

sketches into a computer. A digiting tablet consists of an electronic
tablet and a cursor or pen. Then cursor is like mouse except that it
has a window with cross hairs for pinpoint placement and it can
have as many as 16 buttons. The pen is also called a stylus and
looks like a simple ballpoint pen but uses an electronic head
instead of ink. The tablet contains electronics that enables it to
detect the movement of the cursor or pen and translate the
movements into digital signals that it sends to the computer.
For digiting tablet each point on the tablet represents a point on
the display screen in a fixed manner. The static nature of digitizing
tablets makes them particularly effective for tracing drawings.
Digitizing tablets are also called digitizers, graphics tablets, touch
tablets or simply tablets.
Scanner
A scanner is an input device that can read text and transfer from a piece of
paper into computer represent able. To do this the scanner sends a beam of
light to the page and then measures the amount of light reflected.
A scanner works by digitizing an image – dividing it into a grid of boxes
and representing each box with either 0 or a 1, Depending on weather the
box is filled in.
Digital Camera
Digital camera is used to input image into computer. Digital camera uses the
digital photographic technology.
Normal camera capture images on specially coated film whereas digital
cameras capture images electronically. Then it sends images as digital data
into computer.
Magnetic ink character reader (MICR)

MICR is that type of device which reads text

printed using magnetic ink. MICR devices were
developed to help the banking field in processing
the large volumes of cheques.

The MICR devices is used automatically to read

cheque number, bank identification code and
customer account number. MICR is used to read
those number and character which are made with
magnetic materials.
 Optical charater reader (OCR)
OCR is the ability of machine to recognize characters. OCR is a type of
optical scanner, which can detect alphanumeric characters printed on paper.
The OCR uses special light, or optic to read text from a piece of paper. A
special font standard is needed to recognize character. The OCR system
consist combination of hardware and software to recognize characters.
The advanced OCR system can read variety of fonts, but still have difficulty
to read handwritten text.
The OCR devices examine each character by analyzing point of characters
then when the whole character is scanned, it is compared with standard fonts
in which OCR devices are programmed to recognize the optical characters.
OCR is used for large volume processing application such as reading of
passenger tickets, processing motor vehicles registration etc.
Bar code reader
Bar code Reader also called as bar code scanner is an input device that uses
laser beams to read bar codes on products such as books, packages. So, it is
used in supermarkets, bookshops etc.
The bar code reader can identify the description of product items and latest
price.
Touch screen
This is easiest way to enter data using the finger touch. Touch screens
enables the user to select an option by pressing a specific part of the screen.
Touch screen is a type of display screen that has a touch sensitive
transparent panel covering the screen. Touch screen enables us to directly
select objects instead of using pointing devices such as mouse, light pens.
Touch screen are commonly used in fast food restaurants and information
centers.
Touch pad
Many Laptop computers use a touch pad in front of the keyboard. We can
move our fingers on the pad to move the cursor on the screen.
When we want to click, we can tap pad or use the buttons front of the pad,
which works like mouse buttons.
 Light Pen

Light pen is used as pointing device, which is very

sensitive to light. It uses a light-sensitive detector to
select objects on display screen.
A light pen is like a mouse except that with a light pen
you can move the pointer and select objects on the
display screen by directly pointing to objects with the
pen.
Nowadays, light pens are used in big hotel room for the
customer for selecting their choice of menu and other
items.
Output Devices

There are two types of output generated by output devices:

a) Soft-Copy Output:
A soft-copy output is an output, which is not produced on paper or some
materials. So, it can’t be touched and carried for being shown to others.
For example: output seen on display screen.

b) Hard-Copy Output:
A hard copy output is an output which is produced on paper or some materials,
which can be touched and carried for beings shown to others. These types of
output are permanent in nature and can be kept in paper files or can be looked
later when the person is not using the computer.
Types of Output Devices

1. Monitor
2. Printer
3. Plotter
4. Sound Card
Monitor
Monitor is called visual display unit (VDU)
and it is also called display screen. The user
can see their result on the monitor screen.
Monitor gives soft copy output.
Computer monitor are similar with television
screens except that monitor are extremely
flexible and reliable devices.
The two basic types of monitors used are
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) and LCD(Liquid
Crystal Display).
The CRT monitor look much like television
and are used with non-portable computer
system.
On the other hand, LCD monitor are thinner
and lighter are commonly used with portable
computer systems like laptop and notebook
computers.
Classification of monitor Based on
Signals
Monitors accept either analog or digital signal from video adapter. So, there are two types of
monitor based on signals.

A) Digital Monitor:
A digital monitor accepts digital signals rather than analog signals. All monitors (except LCD)
use CRT technology, which is essentially analog. The term digital therefore refers only to the
type of input received from the video adapter. Then digital monitor then translates the digital
signals into analog signals that control the actual display. Thus, digital monitors are fast and
produce clear images.

B) Analog Monitor:
This is the traditional type of color display screen that has been used for years in
televisions. So, in reality all monitors based on CRT technology (that is all monitors except
LCD) are analog.
Characteristics of a
monitor
A) Size:
The size shows type of screen based on size example 14-
inch, 17 inch etc.

B) Resolution:
The resolution of monitor is expressed by the number of
pixels on the screen, expressed as a matrix. The resolution
refers to the number of dots displayed in the x (across) and
y (down) co-ordinates. The resolution of a monitor
indicates how densely the pixels are packed. Pixel is short
for picture Element; a pixel is a single point in graphic
image. The quality of display monitor largely depends on
its resolution, for example a resolution of 800×600 means
that there are 800 pixels in horizontally and 600 pixels in
vertically.
Characteristics of a monitor
C) Band Width:
The Bandwidth refers the amount of data that can be transmitted in a fixed
amount of time. Thus, this determines how much data it can process and
therefore how fast it can refresh at higher resolution.

D) Refresh Rate:
Refresh rate refers to the number of times per second that the image is
redrawn on the monitor screen. i.e., Refresh rate means how many times per
second the screen is refreshed(redrawn). Display monitors must be refreshed
many times per second. The refresh rate for a monitor measured in
hertz(Hz).
Printer
Printers are one of the main output devices. It gives hard copy output.
The output we get through this device is called as hardcopy or hard output.
Printers are classified into two categories on speed.
1. Impact Printer
2. Non-Impact Printer
Difference between Impact and Non-
impact Printer
Impact Printer Non-Impact Printer
Produces characters and graphics on a piece of A type of printer that produces characters and
paper by striking it is called impact printer. graphics on a piece of paper without striking.
It prints by hammering a set of metal pin or Printing is done by depositing ink in any form.
character set.
Electromechanical devices are used No electromechanical device is used
Faster speeds around 250 words per second. Slower speeds around 1 page per 30 seconds.
Have banging noise of needle on paper Works silently
Dot-matrix printer, Daisy wheel printers, line Inkjet printers, photo printers, laser printers are
printer are examples . examples
Impact Printers
1. Daisy-Wheel Printer
Daisy-wheel printer has a plastic or metal wheel on
which the shape of each character stands out in relief. A
hammer presses the wheel against a ribbon, which in turn
makes an ink stain in the shape of the character on the
paper. Daisy-wheel printer’s produces letter-quality type.
Daisy-wheel printers are noisy and slow and can print
from 10 to 75 characters per second. This type of printers
can not print graphics.

2. Dot-Matrix Printer
Dot-matrix printer produces character by striking pins
against an ink ribbon. Each pin makes a dot and
combination of dots form characters. Print head is a type
of these printers which consists of a matrix of tiny
needles, typically seven rows with nine needles in each
(9*7 matrix).
Dot-matrix printer are inexpensive and relatively fast
(can print 50 to 500 cps) and is noisy as well.
Non-Impact Printers

1. Ink-jet Printer
Ink-jet printer is called non-impact printer because they print by spraying ink on paper
and ,which print characters by spraying small drops of ink at a sheet of paper. The ink is
different from normal ink having a high iron content.
There are magnetized plates in the ink’s path which direct the ink onto the paper in the
desired shapes. Ink-jet printers can also print in high color, which makes them popular for
home users. Although ink-jet printers are inexpensive and produce excellent output, they
are slow. But it can not be used to produce multiple copies of a document in a single
printing.

2. Laser Printer
Laser printers work like photocopy machines. laser printer uses laser beam to produce
image. Laser printer can produce very high-quality print and can print an almost unlimited
variety of fonts.
The light of laser alters the electrical charge on the drum wherever it hits. These charges
attract toner, which is transferred to the paper and fussed to the surface by a heat process.
laser printer are faster and more expensive than others. The Laser print quality is
measured in number of dots per inch(dpi) i.e. The Best laser printer can produce 600dpi or
 Plotter

A plotter or graph plotter is a

device used to output graphics
on output medium like paper.
This device provides completely
different form of output and
have a variety of applications.
Outputting graphics means
plotting(drawing) shapes of
graph, bar charts, pie charts,
maps, etc. They produce line by
pen, and more expensive than
printers and widely used for
engineering applications.
 Sound Card

Sound card is an output device

which is related with production
of sound in the computer
system.
An expansion board that enables
a computer to manipulate and
output sounds.

The computer's sound card has

the signal used to generate the
sound from a computer
speaker.
Ports

A connection point that acts as interface between

the computer and external devices like mouse,
printer, modem, etc. is called port. Ports are of
two types:
Internal Port:
It connects the motherboard to internal devices
like hard disk drive, CD drive, internal modem,
etc.

External Port:
It connects the motherboard to external devices
like modem, mouse, printer, flash drives, etc.
Types of Ports
1. Serial Port:
Serial ports transmit data sequentially one bit at a time. So, they need only one wire
to transmit 8 bits. However, it also makes them slower. Serial ports are usually 9-pin
or 25-pin male connectors. They are also known as COM (communication) ports or
RS323C ports.
2. Parallel Port:
Parallel ports can send or receive 8 bits or 1 byte at a time. Parallel ports come in
form of 25-pin female pins and are used to connect printer, scanner, external hard
disk drive, etc.
3. USB Port:
USB stands for Universal Serial Bus. It is the industry standard for short distance
digital data connection. USB port is a standardized port to connect a variety of
devices like printer, camera, keyboard, speaker, etc.
4. PS-2 Port:
PS/2 stands for Personal System/2. It is a female 6-pin port standard that connects
to the male mini-DIN cable. PS/2 was introduced by IBM to connect mouse and
keyboard to personal computers. This port is now mostly obsolete, though some
systems compatible with IBM may have this port.
Types of Ports

5. Infrared Port:
Infrared port is a port that enables wireless exchange of data within a
radius of 10m. Two devices that have infrared ports are placed facing each
other so that beams of infrared lights can be used to share data.

6. Bluetooth Port:
Bluetooth is a telecommunication specification that facilitates wireless
connection between phones, computers and other digital devices over
short-range wireless connection. Bluetooth port enables synchronization
between Bluetooth-enabled devices. There are two types of Bluetooth ports
• Incoming− It is used to receive connection from Bluetooth devices.
• Outgoing− It is used to request connection to other Bluetooth devices.
Thank You