SKP ENGINEERING COLLEGE

TIRUVANNAMALAI-606 611

LOCAL POWER DISTRIBUTION WITH NANOGRIDS

PRESENTING BY: GUIDED BY:

CHANDHIRA DEVI S RAJESH R M.E
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
 OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION
• ABSTRACT
• OBJECTIVE
• PROPOSED SYSTEM AND IT’S LIMITATIONS
• BLOCL DIAGRAM
• SIMULATION
• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• HARDWARE
• ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATION
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE
 INTRODUCTION

• In day today life we are getting the electricity from power system through
Grid.

• More than a billion people in the world still do not have basic energy
services such as electric lighting in their homes.

• Most of these people live in remote rural areas, which makes extension of
national electric grids to meet their needs prohibitively expensive.

• It’s quite hard to supply the power in areas like deserts,mountain

top where Grid cannot reach.
 ABSTRACT
• We have several solution for this problem involving solar photovoltaic electricity
generation, such as solar lanterns, solar home systems (SHS).

• But these solution have certain limitations such as high cost for solar home
systems, or limited functionality and expandability in the case of solar lanterns.

• In developing countries, there is a feature for Nanogrid most likely to be used

in small local loads of rural area as they will be more economic than the normal
grid power system.

• Nano grids can operate independently.

• This project gives an approach to rural electrification solar DC Nanogrids –which

attempts to address these limitations by providing basic energy services at lowest
possible cost, while using a system architecture which is expandable
 OBJECTIVE
To design and implement a nano grid to achieve

• Both ac and dc outputs

• with energy saving
• for cost reduction
• and simple structure
 NANO GRID

Nano Grids are small residential power systems with renewable

sources, storage, and domestic loads. It may or may not have
connectivity to utility grid. This paper discusses the role of
advanced converter technology for Nanogrids in solving acute
power shortage problem in Rural India.
PROPOSED METHOD
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
SOLAR BOOST SINGLE AC
CONVERTER PHASE LOAD
PANEL INVERTER

INTERLEAVED DC
BATTERY
CONVERTER LOAD

Power circuit
12V
ISOLATION CIRCUIT

MICROCONTROLLER CIRCUIT 5V
SIMULATON
DIAGRAM
MODE 1:Output of PV panel
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
OUTPUT CURRENT
OUTPUT CURRENT AND VOLTAGE
BATTERY VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
MODE2:OUTPUT OF SOLAR PANEL
OUTPUT CURRENT
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
BATTERY VOLTAGE AND CURRENT
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
LM78o
D6 5
1 2 1 3
VI VO

GND
TX R1
3 D7 L1 D9

2
1k
230V 1 2

AC 15V C6
Lbreak Dbreak
C5 pv 10uH
D5 10uf
2 1 1000uf
D8 TLP25 Q1 C4
0 b
LED 1n battery
22

D4
2 1 L1 D9
R1
Lbreak Dbreak
TLP25
0 10uH
32
11

22 L1 D9
Q1 C4
2 15
VDD
VDD

RA0/AN0 RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
3 16 Lbreak Dbreak 1n
RA1/AN1 RC1/T1OSI/CCP2
4 17
RA2/AN2 RC2/CCP1 R1 10uH
5 18
RA3/AN3/VREF RC3/SCK/SCL
6 23
RA4/TOCKI RC4/SDI/SDA
7 24
RA5/AN4/SS RC5/SDO 22 Q1 C4
25
33 RC6/TX/CK
34 RBO/INT 26 10
HIN
7 1n
RC7/RX/DT HO
35 RB1
19 3 Q1
36 RB2 VC
RD0/PSP0 20 12 Q1
37 RB3 LI C
RD1/PSP1 2 C1

2
38 RB4 21 N COM
RD2/PSP2 22 D3
39 RB5 C2 10uf
RD3/PSP3
RD4/PSP4 28
27 6
33Pf 9 VB
40 RB6 RD5/PSP5 29

1
C7 RB7 VD 5
13 D VS
RD6/PSP6 30 load
RD7/PSP7 47U 13 1 47U
14 OSC1/CLKIN
OSC2/CLKOUT 8 VSS
C8 4MH 1 RE0/ RD/AN5 9 LO 22 Q1 Q1
z MCLR/ RE1/WR/AN6 10 IR2110
VPP RE2/CS/
AN7
VSS

VSS

33Pf
100 R3
22
12

31

10 7
PIC16F877A HIN HO
3
12 VCC
LI 2 C1
2

N COM D3
C2 6 10uf
9 VB
1

VD 5
D VS
47U 47U
13 1
VSS LO
22
IR2110
 VOLTAGE REGULATOR (LM7805):

 As we require a 5V we
need LM7805 Voltage
Regulator IC.
 Input voltage range 7V-
35V
 PIC MICROCONTROLLER
 The name PIC initially referred to "Peripheral Interface Controller", but now

it is "PIC" only.

PICs are popular with both industrial developers and hobbyists alike due to

their low cost, wide availability, large user base, extensive collection of

application notes, availability of low cost or free development tools, and serial

programming (and re-programming with flash memory) capability.

PIC16F877A -
MICROCONTROLLER

• The PIC16F877A is a low-voltage,

high performance 8-bit
microcomputer
• 40 pin IC
• Operating voltage:5Volt dc
• VCC:11 AND 32 pin
• GND: 12 and 31
• Reset :1st pin
• Five ports
• Port RA(6 bits) ,Port RB(8 bits)
• Port RC(8 bits) , Port RD(8
bits)and Port RE(3 bits)
CRYSTAL
OSCILLATOR

 To generate clock pulse to the

microcontroller
 Crystal oscillator range : 4Mhz
 C1 = C2 = 33Pf
 XTAL1 = 13th pin
 XTAL2 = 14th pin
TYPICAL CIRCUIT OF FAN7392
 GATE DRIVER( FAN7392)

The FAN7392 is a monolithic high- and low-

side gate drive IC, that can drive high-
speed MOSFETs and IGBTs that operate up
to +600V.
OPTO ISOLATOR

In electronics, an opto-isolator is a device that uses a short optical transmission path to

transfer a signal between elements of a circuit typically a transmitter and a receiver, while
keeping them electrically isolated .
WORKING PRINCIPLE

A common implementation involves a LED and a phototransistor, separated so that light

may travel across a barrier but electrical current may not. When an electrical signal is
applied to the input of the opto-isolator, its LED lights, its light sensor then activates, and a
corresponding electrical signal is generated at the output. Unlike a transformer, the opto-
isolator allows for DC coupling and generally provides significant protection from serious
overvoltage conditions in one circuit affecting the other.
 MOSFET SWITCH

The MOSFET, or Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, Field-Effect

Transistor is by far the most common field effect transistor in
both digital and analog circuits.
The MOSFET is composed of a channel of n-type or p-type
semiconductor material
 MOSFET is a voltage-controlled device.
 It is a N-channel transistor (irf840)
 Voltage rating :800V
 Current rating:5A
HARDWARE
 ADVANTAGES OF NANOGRID
• Increase power quality and reliability.

• Reduce transmission and distribution losses by having on-site

generation and energy storage

• Accelerate the adoption of distributed and renewable

energy sources and reduce fossil fuels use/carbon emission.

• Thereby maintain a pollution free environment

 APPLICATION OF NANOGRID
• Areas where backup power or power quality is valuable
- Natural Disaster/hurricane prone area
- Millitary installation

• Rural areas with weak electricity grid

• Developing countries with limited/ no electricity access.

• Areas where electricity is expensive.

• Locations that have high renewable energy

 CONCLUSION
• Thus our project is simple in structure .
• Cost is also affordable .
• Efficiency is high .
• There won’t be any losses because generation
and distribution is occur in a particular region
there by we can save the enegy.
• We can get both AC and DC outputs.
 REFERENCE

• World Energy Outlook, “Electricity access database,” 2016. [On-[1] World Energy Outlook,
“Electricity access database,” 2016. [On-line]
• K. Ubilla et al., “Smart microgrids as a solution for rural electrification: Ensuring long-term
sustainability
through cadastre and business models,” IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1310–1318, Oct.
2014
models,” IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1310–1318, Oct. 2014
• N. J. Williams, P. Jaramillo, J. Taneja, and T. S. Ustun, “Enabling private sector investment in
• microgrid- based rural electrification in developing countries: A review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.,
vol. 52, pp. 1268–1281, 2015
S. C. Bhattacharyya, “Financing energy access and off-grid electrification:A review of status, options
and
challenges,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 20, pp. 462–472, 2013.
• J. J. Justo, F. Mwasilu, J. Lee, and J.-W. Jung, “AC-microgrids versus dc- microgrids with distributed
energy
resources: A review,” Renew. Sustain Energy Rev., vol. 24, pp. 387–405, 2013.
• J. Khan and M. H. Arsalan, “Solar power technologies for sustainable electricity generation–A review,”
Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 55, pp. 414–425, 2016.
• P. A. Madduri, J. Poon, J. Rosa, M. Podolsky, E. A. Brewer, and S. R. Sanders, “Scalable dc
microgrids for rural electrification in emerging regions,” IEEE J. Emerging Sel. Top. Power Electron., vol.
4, no. 4, pp. 1195–1205, Dec. 2016.