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    Chest Wall Deformities

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    Nayrin sk

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    Chest Wall Deformities

    Uploaded by

    Nayrin sk
    12 views17 pages

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    Copyright:

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    12 views17 pages

    Chest Wall Deformities

    Uploaded by

    Nayrin sk

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Chest wall deformities

    (Nayrin Sk , BPT 4th year, BIMLS)


    Out Line
    • What is Chest wall deformities & Chest wall
    • Classification
    • Pectus excavatum
    • Pectus carinatum
    • Poland’s syndrome
    • Sternal cleft
    • Jeune’s syndrome
    • Aquired chest wall deformities
    Chest wall deformity What is chest wall

    A chest wall Deformity is a Chest wall or thoracic wall is


    structural abnormality of the boundary of thoracic cavity,
    the chest wall that can be which protects the vital organs
    .range from mild to severe. in the area between neck and
    . . the abdomen.
    .

    Cross section of normal chest


    wall is elliptical in shape.
    Classification

    common chest Rare chest wall


    wall deformities deformities

    Pectus Pectus Poland’s Jeune’s Acquired chest


    4
    excavatum carinatum syndrome syndrome wall deformities Sternal cleft
    Common chest wall deformities
    Rare chest wall deformities

    Sternal cleft

    Poland’s syndrome

    Acquired chest wall deformity


    in ricket patient
    Pectus excavatum
    Definition:
    Pectus excavatum or funnel chest describes a posterior depression
    of the lower sternum and costal cartilage into the thoracic cavity
    Pathophysiology:
    • It is a sternocostal joint deformity
    • Present with abnormal sternal depression
    • Chest anteroposterior diameter will be decrease
    Clinical features:
    Symptoms : Signs:
    • Exercise intolerance • Slouched posture
    • Dyspnoea • Protuberant abdomen (for young children)
    • Chest pain with or without exercise • Associated with scoliosis
    • Palpitation • Sternal abnormalities (cup shaped appearance )
    • Cosmetic appearance • Sternal torsion
    Pectus excavatum
    Investigation:
    • Electrocardiography(ECG)
    • Echocardiography
    • Spirometry
    • Chest X ray(AP and lateral view)
    • Computer tomography or CT scan

    Treatment:
    Surgical procedure –
    • Nuss procedure
    • Minimally invasive repair
    Non-surgical procedure –
    • Vacuum bell device
    Nuss procedure
    Pectus carinatum
    Definition:
    Pectus carinatum or pigeon chest is a spectrum of anterior chest wall
    anomalies characterised by protrusion of the sternum and adjoining
    costal cartilages.

    Pathophysiology :
    • Impair sternocostal cartilage collagen arrangement
    • Abnormal sternal protrusion
    • Augmented residual lung volume

    Clinical features:
    • Exertional dyspnoea
    • Decreased exercise tolerance
    • Precordial chest pain
    • Cosmetic deformity
    • Sternal protrusion
    Pectus carinatum
    Investigation:
    • X ray (PA and lateral view)
    • CT scan
    • Spirometry

    Treatment:
    Surgical procedure – Transverse osteotomy
    Conservative method– External dynamic compression
    brace system
    Poland’s syndrome

    • Absence of the sternocostal head of the


    pectoralis major muscle.
    • Absence of pectoralis minor muscle.
    • Normal underlying ribs to complete
    absence of anterior posterior of the 2nd-5th
    ribs.
    • Absence of costal cartilage.
    Sternal cleft
    • Sternal cleft is a rare congenital defect of the
    anterior chest wall and is the result of a failed
    midline fusion of the sternum.
    • Because of this condition mediastinal viscera and
    vessels are exposed to injury.
    • There are some forms of sternal cleft ——
    1) Superior sternal cleft 2) Inferior sternal cleft
    3) Total sternal cleft 4) Subtotal sternal cleft .
    Jeune’s syndrome
    • Narrow rigid chest and multiple cartilage
    anomalies.
    • Bell-shaped thorax and protuberant
    abdomen.
    • Short,stubby extremities with relatively short
    wide bones.
    • Pelvis is small with square iliac bone.
    • Involves variable degree of pulmonary
    impairment.
    • Patient died of respiratory insufficiency .
    Acquired chest wall deformities

    Acquired deformities can be grouped


    under——
    1. Metabolic disorder like ricket
    2. Trauma like road traffic accident
    (RTA)
    3. Surgical changes like
    thoracotomy
    4. Infections like rib osteomyelitis

    Rib osteomyelitis of a child


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    A THOUSAND WORDS

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