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    First Law of Thermodynamics

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    Shiela Mae Portillo

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    First Law of Thermodynamics

    Uploaded by

    Shiela Mae Portillo
    12 views15 pages

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    12 views15 pages

    First Law of Thermodynamics

    Uploaded by

    Shiela Mae Portillo

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    FIRST LAW OF

    THERMODYNAMICS
    Thermodynamics – derived from Greek
    word “thermes” which means heat and
    “dynamo” which means power.
    - deals with the study of energy and its
    transformation
    Law of Conservation of Energy – also known
    as the first Law of Thermodynamics.
    - Energy can neither be created nor
    destroyed.

    - The law states that energy may be


    transformed from one form to another and
    that any energy lost by the system must be
    gained by the surroundings, and vice versa.
    -Energy can also transferred back and forth
    between the system and the surroundings in the form
    of heat and work.

    - The energy contained within the system,


    referred to as internal energy, E, is simply the sum of
    the kinetic and potential energy of all the components
    of the system.

    - the change in internal energy, ∆E, of the system


    is a state function, thus its value is independent of the
    manner in which the state is attained.
    - If a system is transformed from state A, to a
    different state B, the value of ∆E is expressed as
    ∆E =

    - If the transformation is carried out by exchange


    of heat and performance of work between a system and
    its surroundings, the total change in energy of a
    system, ∆E, is equal to the sum of the heat absorbed or
    evolved by the system, q, and the work performed by
    or done on the system, w, as expressed by the following
    equation:
    ∆E = q + w

    - Unlike ∆E, q and w, are not state


    functions and, therefore, path dependent.

    - In applying the equation that expresses


    the first law of thermodynamics, the signs of
    q and w must always be taken into account.
    -q and w are positive (+) when heat or work enters
    the system from the surroundings, i.e., heat is absorbed by
    the system and work is done on the system
    -q and w are negative (-) when heat or work transfers
    from the system to the surroundings, i.e., heat is evolved
    and work is done by the system

    - if both q and w are (+), sign of ∆E is also (+) ;


    internal energy increases
    - if both q and w are (-), sign of ∆E is also (-); internal
    energy decreases
    - if q is (+) and w is (-), or, if q is (-) and w is (+), sign
    of ∆E depends on the magnitudes of q and w
    Heat added to the system → → Heat evolved by the
    system
    (+q) (-q)
    SYSTEM
    Work done on the system → → Heat evolved by the
    system
    (+w) (-w)

    SURROUNDINGS
    -Heat (q) and work (w) are positive if they
    enter the system and negative, when they
    leave the system.
    Sample Problem:
    Calculate ∆E if 100kJ of heat energy is absorbed
    by the system and 30 kJ of work is done on the
    sorroundings.
    Solution:
    The addition of heat increases the energy of the
    system by 100kJ, but doing work decreases the
    energy of the system by 30kJ. The net result is
    70kJ.
    Given:
    q = +100kJ (absorbed by the system;
    sign is +)
    w = -30kJ (done by the system; sign
    is -)
    Required: ∆E

    Strategy:
    ∆E = q + w
    = 100kJ + (-30kJ)
    = 70 kJ
    Sample Problem:
    3000 J of heat is added to a system and 2500
    J of work is done by the system. What is the
    change in internal energy of the system?
    - If heat is added to the system, then the internal energy of
    the system increases

    - If heat leaves the system, then the internal energy of the


    system decreases

    - If the work is done by the system, then the internal energy


    of the system decreases

    - If the work is done on the system, then the internal energy


    of the system increases
    Answer the following.
    1. 2000 J of heat is added to a system and
    2500 J of work is done on the system. What
    is the change in internal energy of the
    system?

    2. 2000J of heat leaves the system and 2500 J


    of work is done on the system. What is the
    change in internal energy of the system?

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