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    Tuberculosis

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    Tuberculosis

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    47 views10 pages

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    47 views10 pages

    Tuberculosis

    Uploaded by

    kumisay.kuangan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Tuberculosis

    • Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that most often affects the


    lungs and is caused by a certain type of bacteria. It is spread through
    the air when infected people cough, sneeze or expectorate.
    • SymptomsPeople with latent TB infection do not feel sick and are not
    contagious. Only a small proportion of infected people develop TB and
    show symptoms. Infants and children are at increased risk.People
    who:suffer from diabetes (high blood sugar);have a weakened immune
    system (for example, people with HIV infection or AIDS);suffer from
    malnutrition;use tobacco.
    PreventionTo prevent TB infection and spread, you must do the following:If you
    experience symptoms such as a persistent cough, fever and unexplained weight loss, seek
    medical help as treating TB early can help stop the disease from spreading and improve
    your chances of recovery.Get tested for TB infection if you are at increased risk, for
    example if you have HIV infection or have contact with people with TB at home or at
    work.If you are prescribed treatment to prevent TB, complete the entire course.If you
    have TB, practice good cough hygiene, including avoiding contact with other people and
    wearing a mask, covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and properly
    disposing of sputum and used tissues.Specific measures such as the use of respirators and
    ventilation are essential to control the spread of infection in health care and other settings.
    • DiagnosticsWHO recommends rapid molecular diagnostic tests as
    the initial diagnostic test for all people with signs and symptoms of
    TB.WHO recommends Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and Truenat as
    diagnostic rapid tests. These tests have high diagnostic accuracy
    and will lead to significant improvements in the early detection of
    TB and drug-resistant TB.A tuberculin skin test (TST) or an
    interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) may be used to identify
    people with infection.Diagnosing multidrug-resistant TB and other
    resistant forms of TB (see section on multidrug-resistant TB below),
    as well as HIV-associated TB, can be difficult and
    expensive.Tuberculosis is especially difficult to diagnose in children.
    • TreatmentTuberculosis should be treated with antibiotics.
    Treatment is recommended for both TB infection and TB disease.The
    most commonly used antibiotics
    are:isoniazid,rifampicin,pyrazinamide,ethambutol,streptomycin.For
    effective treatment, these drugs must be taken daily for 4–6
    months. It is dangerous to stop taking medications prematurely or
    without consulting a doctor. This may allow the TB pathogen that
    persists in the body to become drug resistant.Tuberculosis that does
    not respond to standard drugs is called drug-resistant TB and
    requires the use of more toxic drugs.

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