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    Physics

    Uploaded by

    Biruk Yenew
    transistor

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Physics

    Uploaded by

    Biruk Yenew
    6 views18 pages
    transistor

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    transistor

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    6 views18 pages

    Physics

    Uploaded by

    Biruk Yenew
    transistor

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 18

    TRANSISTORS

    • A Transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch


    electronic signals.
    • There are two types of transistors: Bipolar junction transistor and
    Field effect transistor.
    • BJT: is a three terminal, two-junction device used to control electron
    flow.
    • It consists of three alternately doped regions. (Either N-P-N or P-N-P)
    • Emitter: The section on one side that supplies charge carriers
    (electrons or holes). The emitter terminal is the heavily doped region
    as compared to the base and collector.
    • Collector: The section on the other side that collects the charge
    carriers. The collector is moderately doped region and slightly larger
    in size as compared to the base and the emitter.
    • Base: The middle section between the emitter and the collector. The
    base is lightly doped and very thin.
    • In the symbolic representation for a transistor, the arrow mark is
    placed on the emitter in the direction of conventional current flow.
    NPN TRANSISTOR
    • An NPN transistor has an n-type semiconductor as its emitter and collector.
    • A transistor must be biased by external voltages so that the emitter, base, and
    collector regions interact in the desired manner.
    • In a properly biased transistor, the emitter junction is forward biased and the
    collector junction is reverse biased.
    • IE=IB+IC
    PNP TRANSISTOR
    • The PNP transistor works in essentially the same way as the NPN
    transistor.
    • The majority current carriers in the PNP transistor are holes.
    • The positive terminal of the battery is connected to the emitter and
    the negative is connected to the collector.
    TRANSISTOR CONFIGURATION
    • Any transistor circuit can be designed using three types of
    configuration.
    • Three configurations of the transistor are based on the connection of
    the transistor terminal.
    COMMON EMITTER
    • The common-emitter configuration (CE) is the arrangement most
    frequently used in practical amplifier circuits, since it provides good
    voltage, current, and power gain.
    • Since the input signal is applied to the base-emitter circuit and the
    output is taken from the collector-emitter circuit, then the emitter is
    the element common to both input and output.
    • The current gain in the common-emitter circuit is called beta (β). Beta
    is the relationship of collector current (output current) to base
    current (input current). To calculate beta, use the following formula:
    COMMON BASE CONFIGURATION
    • In the common-base configuration, the input signal is applied to the
    emitter, the output is taken from the collector, and the base is the
    element common to both input and output.
    • Alpha is the relationship of collector current (output current) to
    emitter current (input current). Alpha is calculated using the formula:
    COMMON COLLECTOR
    • In the common-collector circuit, the input signal is applied to the
    base, the output is taken from the emitter, and the collector is the
    element common to both input and output.
    • It provides good current gain but no voltage gain.
    1. Configure and bias a PNP transistor in a way that it amplifies both
    current and voltage.
    2. The resistance and voltage gain of a common emitter transistor are
    15Ω and 750V respectively. Find the collector current, if the input
    current was initially 2μA.
    3. Why is the emitter heavily dopped?
    4. A transistor has a current gain of 250 and a base current 20A. What
    is the collector current?

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