Methods of Sampling BRM

PRESENTATION
ON
METHODS OF
SAMPLING
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
DR.VIKAS DARYAL MITHUN
PROFESSOR MBA-PREVIOUS
TIMT 20232109
CONCEPT OF SAMPLING:
1. Population: The entire group of individuals, items, or data points that are the focus of the study.
It's the larger group from which a sample is drawn.
2. Sample: A subset of the population selected for study. The characteristics of the sample are used
to make inferences about the entire population.
3. Sampling Frame: A list or representation of all the individuals or items in the population from
which the sample will be drawn. It serves as a basis for selecting the sample.
4. Sampling Method: The technique used to select individuals or items from the population to be
included in the sample. Common sampling methods include random sampling, stratified sampling,
cluster sampling, and convenience sampling.
5. Random Sampling: A sampling method in which every member of the population has an equal
chance of being selected for the sample. It helps to ensure that the sample is representative of the
population.
6. Stratified Sampling: A sampling method in which the population is divided into distinct
subgroups or strata, and samples are then randomly selected from each stratum in
proportion to their size in the population. It ensures that all subgroups are adequately
represented in the sample.
7. Cluster Sampling: A sampling method in which the population is divided into clusters or
groups, and then clusters are randomly selected for inclusion in the sample. All individuals
within the selected clusters are included in the sample.
8. Convenience Sampling: A non-probability sampling method where individuals or items are
selected based on their easy availability or accessibility to the researcher. It's convenient but
may lead to biased results.
9. Sampling Bias: Systematic error introduced into sampling or testing by selecting or
encouraging one outcome or answer over others. It occurs when the sample is not
representative of the population, leading to inaccurate conclusions.
10. Sampling Error: The difference between the characteristics of a sample and the
population from which it was drawn. It's the discrepancy that occurs by chance between a
sample statistic and the population parameter
Types of Sampling:
1. Simple Random Sampling: Here all members have the same chance (probability) of being selected.
Random method provides an unbiased cross selection of the population.
For Example,
We wish to draw a sample of 50 students from a population of 400 students. Place all 400 names in a container and draw out 50
names one by one.
2. Systematic Sampling: Each member of the sample comes after an equal interval from its previous
member.
For Example, for a sample of 50 students, the sampling fraction is 50/400 = 1/8 i.e. select one student
out of every eight students in the population. The starting points for the selection is chosen at
random.
3. The population is divided into smaller homogenous group or strata by some
Stratified Sampling:
characteristic and from each of these strata members are selected randomly.
Finally from each stratum using simple random or systematic sample method is used to select final
sample.
4. Cluster Sampling (Area Sampling): A researcher/ enumerator selects sampling units at random and
then does complete observation of all units in the group.
For example, the study involves Primary schools.
Select randomly 15 schools. Then study all the children of 15 schools. In cluster sampling the unit of
sampling consists of multiple cases. It is also known as area sampling, as the selection of individual
1. Purposive Sampling: In this sampling method, the researcher selects a "typical group" of individuals who
might represent the larger population and then collects data from this group. Also known as Judgmental
Sampling.
2. Convenience Sampling : It refers to the procedures of obtaining units or members who are most
conveniently available. It consists of units which are obtained because cases are readily available.
In selecting the incidental sample, the researcher determines the required sample size and then simply
collects data on that number of individuals who are available easily.
3. Quota Sampling: The selection of the sample is made by the researcher, who decides the quotas for
selecting sample from specified sub groups of the population.
For example, an interviewer might be need data from 40 adults and 20 adolescents in order to study
students’ television viewing habits.
Selection will be
20 Adult men and 20 adult women
10 adolescent girls and 10 adolescent boys
4. Snowball Sampling:
In snowball sampling, the researcher Identifying and selecting available respondents who meet the criteria for inclusion.
After the data have been collected from the subject, the researcher asks for a referral of other individuals, who would also meet the
criteria and represent the population of concern.
chain sampling, chain-referral, sampling referral sampling

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