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Advanced Capacity Building Training on
Computer Hardware, OSs Preventive
Maintenance/Troubleshooting

(Jun, 2024)
AACA Health Bureau ICT
Directorate
 Outline
• Computer Hardware, Configuration, Troubleshooting &
Maintenance

• Operating System Basics, Troubleshooting & Maintenance

• Computer Security, Users Management

• Backup and Restore

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 3

 Timeline
Jun 17 2024
Jun 17 2024 Jun 18 2024 Jun 18 2024
Overview on
work
environment, Operating Backup &
Introduction to System Troubleshooting Recovery in
HIS & Basics, & Maintenance Windows
Introduction to
Computer

Computer
Security, Users
Basics of Computer Management &
Hardware, Printer overview
Networking Basics…
Configuration
Jun 19 _22 2024
Jun 18 2024 Jun 18 2024

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 4

 Goal

The goal of this advanced training is to equip trainees with the

necessary skills that will enable them to deploy, administer and
troubleshoot IT Systems including computer hardware, operating
system, and devices.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 5

 Learning Objectives
At the end of this training participants will be able: -
 To understand the Basics of Hardware Configuration, Troubleshooting
& Maintenance
 To understand Operating System Basics, Troubleshooting &
Maintenance
 To understand Computer Security & Users Management
 To understand Backup and Restore
 To apply Preventive Maintenance

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 6

Basic Hardware
Identification, Configuration,
Troubleshooting & Maintenance
 Introduction
A computer is a complex system built from multiple
components. Having some knowledge about these
components will help you build your own computer or
choose the right parts for a computer upgrade.
Each component has a certain role in a computer, and a
computer’s top performance is usually limited to the
performance of its slowest component.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 8

 Parts of Computer

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 9

 Disassembling & Assembling

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 10

 Computer Hardware Maintenance tools

• ESD tools
• Hand tools
• Cleaning tools
• Diagnostic tools

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 11

 Consider these precautions before
doing computer maintenance
• Be Selective about what to do
• Make Sure You Have a Data Backup
• Make Sure Data is Encrypted or Remove the Encryption Before
Proceeding w/ the Repair
• Software Keys Must Be with You
• Use safety tools like ESD and others
• Make It Easy to Access Device
• Make your maintenance toolkits ready

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 12

 Computer Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting is a process of identifying and
fixing a problem. Computer troubleshooting may
involve hardware and software or both at the same
time.
The basic steps of computer troubleshooting start
from general and gradually to specific problems.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 13

 BIOS Configuration Legacy BIOS Vs UEFI
UEFI Breaking out of size limitations up to 9 TB. BIOS
uses the Master Boot Record (MBR) to save
information about the hard drive data while UEFI uses
the GUID partition table (GPT).
The major difference between the two is that MBR
uses 32-bit entries in its table which limits the total
physical partitions to only 4 while UEFI up to 24
partitions.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 14

 BIOS Configuration

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 15

 Common Failures of Computer
• Improper insertion of memory module to the motherboard or
for RAM upgrading.
• A system with a good power supply refuses to power up like a
loose connection of components (CPU, HD, and memory …)
• Computer that shows No Sign of Power.
• Computer That Turns On and Then Immediately Turns Off.
• Computer That Turns On but Displays Nothing on the Screen.
• Computer That Turns On but Stops Booting During the POST.
• Blue Screen of Death (BSoD)

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 16

 Continued…
• Stopping, Freezing, or Reboot Issues During Windows Login
• Error Message During Startup
• Smoke/Burning smell
• Strange noises from the PC case
• Presence of frequent electric shocks when you touch the
metallic parts of the computer
• The power supply fan spins, but there is no power to other
devices
• PC won’t start, but the case fans spin
• Overheating of PSU
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 17
 Troubleshoot a Computer’s with Improper insertion of
hardware device to the motherboard

1st. Check the compatibility of the devices.

2nd. Check the status of the device (damaged or not)
3rd. Test using testing tools and properly place the device
on the motherboard.
4th. Check if the device has a proper power supply.
5th. Check if the device is inserted and well-placed in the
proper position.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 18

 Troubleshoot a computer that shows No Sign of Power

1st . Check for disconnected computer power cable connections.

2nd. Replace the computer's power cable.
3rd. Perform a "lamp test" to verify power is being provided from the
wall.
4th. Test your power supply.
5th. Test the power button on the front of your computer's case.
6th. Replace your motherboard.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 19

 Troubleshoot a Computer That Turns On and Then
Immediately Turns Off
1. Troubleshoot the cause of the beep code, assuming you're lucky
enough to hear one.
2. Verify that the power supply voltage switch is set correctly.
3. Check for causes of electrical shorts inside your computer.
4. Test your power supply.
5. Test the power button on the front of your computer's case.
6. Reseat everything inside your computer.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 20

 Continued…
7. Reseat the CPU only if you suspect that it might have come loose or
might not have been installed properly.
8. Start your PC with essential hardware only.
9. Reinstall each piece of nonessential hardware, one component at a
time, testing your computer after each installation.
10. Replace each piece of essential hardware in your computer with a
"known good" identical or equivalent spare piece of hardware, one
component at a time, to determine which piece of hardware is
causing your computer to shut off automatically. Test after each
hardware replacement to determine which device is faulty.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 21

 Troubleshoot a Computer That Turns On but
Displays Nothing on the Screen
1. Test your monitor.
2. Verify that your PC has fully power cycled. In other words, make sure
your computer has completely reset or make sure that it's coming on
from a completely powered-off state.
3. Troubleshoot the cause of the beep code if you're lucky enough to get
one.
4. Clear the CMOS.
5. Verify that the power supply voltage switch is set correctly.
6. Reseat everything possible inside your PC.
7. Reseat the CPU only if you suspect that it might have come loose or
might not have been installed properly.
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 22
 Continued…
8. Check for causes of electrical shorts inside your computer.
9. Test your power supply.
10. Start your computer with essential hardware only.
11. Reinstall each piece of hardware that you removed in Step 10,
one piece at a time, testing after each installation.
12. Replace each piece of essential hardware in your computer with
an identical or equivalent spare piece of hardware (that you
know is working), one component at a time, to determine which
piece of hardware is causing your computer to not come on all
the way. Test after each hardware replacement to determine
which component is faulty.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 23

 Troubleshoot a Computer That Turns On but Stops Booting
During the POST
1. Troubleshoot the cause of the BIOS error message you see on the
monitor
2. Clear the CMOS.
3. Test your power supply.
4. Reseat everything inside your computer case.
5. Reseat the CPU only if you think that it may have come loose or might
not have been properly installed.
6. Triple check every hardware configuration if you're troubleshooting
this problem after a new computer build or after installation of new
hardware. Check every jumper and DIP switch, verify that the CPU,
memory, and video card you're using is compatible with your
motherboard, etc. Rebuild your PC from scratch if necessary.
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 24
 Continue …
7. Check for causes of electrical shorts inside your computer.
8.Start your PC with essential hardware only.
9.Reinstall each piece of hardware that you removed in Step 8,
one piece at a time, testing your PC after each installation.
10. Replace each piece of essential hardware in your PC with
an identical or equivalent spare piece of hardware (that you
know is working), one component at a time, to determine
which piece is causing your computer to stop during the
POST. Test after each hardware replacement to determine
which component is faulty.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 25

 Fixing a Blue Screen of Death (BSoD)-[Win 7]
1. The most important Blue Screen of Death troubleshooting step you can take
is to ask yourself what you just did.
2. Disconnect all USB devices except for the mouse and keyboard
3. Try to boot the system in Safe Mode with Networking. [in (Win 7)? & in
(Win 10/11)?]
4. Verify that a minimum amount of free space is available on your Windows
partition.
5. Uninstall recently installed software
6. Roll back or Disable or Update drivers for your hardware. (Demo)
7. Scan your computer for viruses.
8. Apply all available Windows service packs and other updates. (Demo
Installed Updates)

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 26

 Continued…
10. Check the System and Application logs in Event Viewer for errors or warnings
that might provide more clues on the cause of the BSoD. (Demo)
11. Return hardware settings to default in Device Manager.
12. Scan your hard drive (CHKDSK)
13. Check your computer's RAM (using “Windows Memory Diagnostic” tool) (Demo)
14. If System Restore is enabled, use System Restore to undo recent changes.
15. Return BIOS settings to their default levels. An overclocked or misconfigured
BIOS can cause all sorts of random issues, including BSODs.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 27

 Continued…
16. Make sure all internal cables, cards, and other components
are installed and seated properly.
17. Perform diagnostic tests on all hardware you're able to test.
It's highly likely that the root cause of any given Blue Screen
of Death is a failing piece of hardware and/or
incompatible/corrupt driver software.
18. Update your BIOS. In some situations, an outdated BIOS
could cause a Blue Screen of Death due to certain
incompatibilities.
19. Start your PC with essential hardware only.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 28

 Fixing a Blue Screen of Death (BSoD)-[Win 10/11]

Common Windows stop codes

On Windows 10 or 11 blue screen:
 CRITICAL_PROCESS_DIED
 IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL
 PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_A
REA
 SYSTEM_SERVICE_EXCEPTION
 NTFS_FILE_SYSTEM

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 29

 Continued….
Start in Safe Mode from a blank screen
1. Power down your computer by holding the power button for 10 seconds.
2. Press the power button again. As soon as your PC starts up, hold the power
button again for 10 seconds to power down your device.
3. Repeat Step 2 one more time.
4. Press the power button. Your PC should now enter the Windows Recovery
Environment (winRE).
5. Select Troubleshoot, Advanced options, and Startup Settings. Then Restart.
6. After your PC restarts, you'll see a list of options. Select 4, or press F4, to start
your PC in Safe Mode. If you need to use the internet, select 5, or press F5, for
Safe Mode with Networking.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 30

 Continued….

Using a System File Checker (SFC) scan

- Use to search for damaged or missing system files — and repair or replace them
- run a SFC scan using Command Prompt (sfc /scannow)
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 31
 Troubleshoot Stopping, Freezing, or Reboot Issues
During Windows Startup

1.Restart your computer if you haven't already done so at

least once since seeing this problem.
2.Repair your Windows installation.
3.Start Windows using Last Known Good Configuration.
4.Start Windows in Safe Mode and then use System Restore
to undo recent changes.
5.Scan your computer for viruses, again from Safe Mode.
6.Clear the CMOS.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 32

 Continued…
7. Replace the CMOS battery if your computer is more than three
years old or if it's been off for an extended amount of time.
8. Reseat everything you can get your hands on.
9. Check for causes of electrical shorts inside your computer.
10. Test the RAM. If one of your computer's RAM modules fails
completely, your computer won't even turn on.
11. Test the power supply.
12. Replace the hard drive's data cable.
13. Test the hard drive.
14.Perform a Clean Install of Windows.
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 33
 Troubleshoot Stopping, Freezing, or Reboot Issues During
Windows Login
1. Start Windows in Safe Mode.
2. Start Windows with the Last Known Good Configuration.
3. Repair your Windows installation.
4. Scan your computer for viruses, again from Safe Mode.
5. Clear the CMOS.
6. Replace the CMOS battery if your computer is more than three years
old or if it's been off for an extended amount of time.
7. Reseat everything on your computer that you can.
8. Check for causes of electrical shorts inside your computer.
9. Test the RAM.
10.Test the hard drive.
11.Perform a Clean Install of Windows.
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 34
 Troubleshoot an Error Message During Startup
1.Document the error message exactly.
2.Search the PC Support site for a
troubleshooting guide specific to the error
message.
o List of POST Error Messages
o List of Windows STOP Codes (Blue Screen of Death Errors)
o List of System Error Codes

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 35

 Testing and Maintaining Hard Disk failure
There are a lot of reasons you might want to test your hard
drive for problems. One of the major reasons to perform a
test would be if your hard drive is making strange noises.
This can often be a sign of a failing drive, something a test
can point out.
There are many free hard drive testing tools available to help you determine
what, if anything, is wrong when you suspect there may be a problem with a
hard drive.
 Seagate SeaTools
 Hitachi Drive Fitness Test
 Samsung HUTIL for Samsung hard drives.
 Western Digital Data Lifeguard
06/22/2024 Diagnostic
Basic Computer Hardware for Western Digital branded hard
and Network Troubleshooting 36
 Continued…
CHKDSK Utility - How to Scan and Fix a Hard Drive (GUI & CMD)
1. Click on the Start Menu; click My Computer / This PC on Win 8 and
above.
2. Right-click on the hard drive and select Properties.
3. Select the Tools Tab and click Check Now.
4. At the Check Disk menu, click both options (to “Automatically fix file
system errors” and “Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors”).
5. Click Start.
Windows will run the CHKDSK utility and open your desktop when it has
finished.
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 37
 On Win 8 and above

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 38

 How to Defrag Your Computer
The process of defragmentation places all parts of a file together in the same
place on the drive. It organizes all directories and files according to how you
use your computer. After this process is complete, your computer will most
likely run faster.
Open the Defrag Program on Wind 7
Click the Start Button
Find the Disk Defragmentation program and open it.
1. Click the Programs icon
2. Click the Accessories icon
3. Click the System Tools icon
4. Click the Disk Defragmentation icon
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 39
 How to Defrag On Windows 8 and above
• Click on Start and type Disk
• Then click on “Defragment and Optimize Drives”

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 40

 Continued…
Determine If You Need to Defrag Your Drive
Click the Analyze button – the program will analyze your
hard drive
Do what the result screen says – If it says your hard drive
does not need defragmentation, you probably will not
benefit from doing it. You can close the program.
Otherwise, proceed to the next step.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 41

 Exercise
1. Explain two computer problems with the most likely solution
2. List two basic maintenance tools
3. Show how to use a multimeter
4. List five electronic components with their use
5. Explain how to test the Hard Disk drive & RAM

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 42

Operating System Basics
Troubleshooting & Maintenance
 Introduction to OS
The basic function of the Operating
system is interfacing with the hardware
and providing a platform on which other
applications can run.
Operating System (OS) provides a consistent
environment for other software to execute
commands. The OS gives users an interface with
the computer so they can send commands
(input) and receive feedback or results (output).
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 44
 Continued…

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 45

 Windows Basic
• Start Button
• Windows All Setting (Setting)
• Microsoft Store
• Run
• CMD
• Control Panel
• Device Manager
• System Configuration (msconfig)
• Service
• Task Manager
• Regedit
• Disk Defragment
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 46
•
 Types of Operating System
• Based on version history of the OS:
• DOS, Windows 95, 98, XP, Vista, 7, 8, 10, 11
• The architecture of the OS based on the micro-
Processor or Hardware type:
• x86 type and x64
• Based on the manufacturers
• Mac OS, Linux, Ubuntu, Windows etc

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 47

 Operating System Installation
There are five methods for installing Windows
OS. Review the following methods and select
the method that is appropriate for your
installation.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 48

OS Installation method

Methods Method
Method Method
3&4 5
1 2

Perform a clean install Install Windows OS to a Perform a multiple boot

Upgrade to Windows OS
new hard disk/ folder operation
A clean installation removes all Use this method if you are Use this method to install Windows OS
This is typically done
data from your hard disk by upgrading to Windows OS as a separate operating system on your
repartitioning and reformatting
when a new hard disk computer. This lets you install more
to latest OS release.
your hard disk and reinstalling the Example; Upgrading to is installed on your than one operating system on your
computer. Or using a computer and select which operating
operating system and programs to Windows 10 from
system that you want to use every time
an empty (clean) hard disk. Microsoft Windows 8. logical folder that you start your computer.
 Practical Activity Using Windows OS
• Using Regedit Disable/Enable USB Storage:
• Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\
CurrentControlSet\Services\USBSTOR
• Change the Start key value to 4
• Using CMD perform these activity:
• systeminfo
• shutdown /s /f /t 0
• tasklist
• chkdsk /f /r /x /b c:
06/22/2024 • fix errors, recover data,
Basic Computer dismount
Hardware the drive, or clear the
and Network Troubleshooting 50
 Continued…
• cls
• format f:
• netstat
• ping
• ipconfig /all
• tracert www.google.com
• Create Bootable USB OS using Rufus
• Log windows using Safe Mode

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 51

 Continued…
Login to Safe mode using Windows:
• Shift + Restart
• Msconfig configuration
• Shift + F8 only works when the HD is in legacy support mode in the boot
option menu (SSD & UEFI BIOS do not support)
• interrupting Windows loading three times
• windowswindos installation media "bcdedit /set {defsafe modefemode
minimal"
• "bcdedit /deletvalue {default} safemode

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 52

 Common Problems of Windows OS
• Requires Startup Repair in Windows 7, 8, 10 and 11
• BOOTMGR Error Message in Windows 7 and latter
• Slow Processing of tasks different from usual.
• Applications Not Responding.
• System file .dll & others are missing error displayed.
• The computer crashes or Blue Screen of Death (BSOD).
• Different devices not working (Sound, Wi-Fi etc.)

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 53

 Operating System Troubleshooting Tools and
Procedures
Create a Windows Restore Point
• To create a restore point Windows
Navigate to the Start -> All Programs -> Accessories -> System Tools program
group.
Click on the Create program icon to create a restore point.

• To Create a restore point for Windows 8, 10, 11

Navigate to Control Panel  System  Advanced System Setting  System
Protection
Click on the Create program icon to create a restore point.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 54

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 55
 Continued…
• Restoring Windows to the previously created restore
point on the partially functional computers.
• Restoring Windows using bootable OS

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 56

 Restoring Widows on Working PC

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 57

 Restoring Windows using bootable OS
1. Make sure the USB recovery drive is connected to the PC.
2. Power on the system and continually tap the F12 key to open the boot
selection menu.
3. Use the arrow keys to highlight the USB recovery drive in the list and
press Enter.
4. The system will now load the recovery software from the USB drive.
5. Choose your keyboard layout and then click Troubleshoot on the main
menu.
6. Select the “Recover from a drive” option.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 58

 Continued…

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 59

 To Perform a Startup Repair in Windows 7, 8, 10 and
11
To begin the Windows 7, 8, 10, and 11 Startup Repair process, you will need to boot from the
Windows 7, 8, 10, or 11 DVD/USB bootable device.
Step 1: Restart the computer:
1. Watch for a Press any key to boot from CD or DVD... message similar to the one shown in the
screenshot above.
2. Press a key to force the computer to boot from the Windows 7 or 10 or 11 DVD. If you do not press
a key, your PC will try to boot to the operating system that's currently installed on your hard
drive. If this happens, just restart your computer and try to boot to the Windows 7 DVD again.
3. Wait for Windows 7 or 10 or 11 to Load Files
Step 2: No user intervention is required here. Just wait for the Windows setup process to load files in
preparation for whatever task you might want to complete.

Step 3: Choose the Language to install, Time and currency format, and Keyboard or input method that
you'd like to use in Windows 7 or 10 or 11.
Click Next.
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 60
 Continued…
Step 4: Click on the Repair your computer link on the bottom-left of the Install
Windows window.
Step 5: System Recovery Options, the set of tools that contains Startup Repair, will now
search your hard drive(s) for any Windows 7 installations.
Step 6: Choose the Windows 7 installation that you'd like to perform the Startup Repair
on.
Click the Next button.
Step 7: Click on the Startup Repair link from list of recovery tools in System Recovery
Options.
Step 8: The Startup Repair tool will now search for problems with files that are
important to the proper functioning of Windows 7.
Step 9: Startup Repair will now attempt to repair whatever problems it found with
Windows 7 files. No user intervention is required during this step.
Step 10: Click the Finish button once you see the Restart your computer to complete the
repairs window to restart your Basic
06/22/2024 PCComputer
and start
HardwareWindows 7 normally.
and Network Troubleshooting 61
 BOOTMGR Error Message in Windows and latter

There are few ways that the "BOOTMGR is missing" error may show up
on your computer, with the first error I have listed being the most
common:
 "BOOTMGR is missing
Press Ctrl Alt Del to restart"
 "BOOTMGR is missing
Press any key to restart"
• "Couldn't find BOOTMGR"

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 62

 Fixes for BOOTMGR Errors
1. Restart the PC. The BOOTMGR error could be a fluke.
2. Check your optical drives, USB ports, and other drives for media. Oftentimes, the “BOOTMGR is
Missing” error will appear if your PC is trying to boot to a non-bootable disc, or external drive.
3. Reseat all internal data and power cables. BOOTMGR error messages could be caused by
unplugged, loose, or malfunctioning power or controller cables.
4. Perform a Startup Repair of Windows. This type of installation should replace any missing or
corrupt files, including BOOTMGR.
5. Write a new partition boot sector to the Windows system partition to correct any possible
corruption, configuration problem, or other damage.
6. Rebuild the Boot Configuration Data (BCD). Similar to the partition boot sector, a corrupted or
incorrectly configured BCD could cause BOOTMGR error messages.
7. Check the hard drive and other drive settings in BIOS and ensure they are correct.
8. Update your motherboard's BIOS.
9. Perform a clean installation of Windows.
10.Replace the hard drive and then install a new copy of Windows.
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 63
 Update Drivers in Windows

Updating drivers in Windows 7 is necessary when a hardware device doesn't install

automatically when the hardware is having some kind of problem, or as part of some
other troubleshooting with the hardware.
Follow these easy steps to update drivers from within Device Manager in Windows:
1. Download and Install the latest drivers from the hardware manufacturer's website.
2. Open Device Manager from the Control Panel in Windows.
3. With Device Manager open, locate the hardware device that you want to update the
drivers for.
4. After finding the hardware you're updating drivers for, right click on the hardware's
name or icon and choose Properties. In this Properties window, click the Driver tab.
5. Click the Update Driver... button.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 64

 Roll Back a Driver in Windows 7, 8, 10 and 11
The Driver Roll Back feature, available within Device Manager in Windows 7, 8, 10,
and 11, is used to uninstall the current driver for a hardware device and then
automatically install the previously used driver.
Follow these easy steps to roll back a driver in Windows:
1. Open Device Manager from the Windows Control Panel.
2. In Device Manager, locate the device that you want to roll back the driver for.
3. After finding the hardware you're rolling back the driver for, right-click on the
device's name or icon and click on Properties.
4. In the Properties window for the device, click the Driver tab.
5. On the Driver tab, click the Roll Back Driver button.
6. Click the Yes button to the "Are you sure you would like to roll back to the
previously installed driver software?" question.
7. Your computer will now automatically restart.
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 65
 Using the Advanced Boot option
The Advanced Boot Options menu is a selectable list of Windows startup modes and
troubleshooting tools.
Beginning in Windows 8, Advanced Boot Options was replaced by Startup Settings, part of
the Advanced Startup Options menu.
Access the Advanced Boot Options Menu:
• The Advanced Boot Options menu is accessed by pressing F8 as the Windows splash screen begins to load.
• Repair Your Computer
• Safe Mode
• Enable Boot Logging
• Enable low-resolution video (640x480)
• Last Known Good Configuration (advanced)
• Directory Services Restore Mode
• Debugging Mode
• Disable automatic restart on system failure
• Disable Driver Signature Enforcement
• Start Windows Normally
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 66
 Using System Recovery Options Menu

The tools available on the System Recovery Options menu can be used to
repair Windows files, restore important settings to previous values, test your
computer's memory, and much more.
• The System Recovery Options menu can be accessed in three different
ways:
The easiest way to access System Recovery Options is via the Repair Your
Computer option on the Advanced Boot Options menu.
• Startup Repair
• System Restore
• System Image Recovery
• Windows Memory Diagnostic
•
06/22/2024 Command Prompt Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 67
 Back up the Registry in Windows
1. Execute regedit to start Registry Editor.
2. Navigate to the very top of the registry key branches until you reach
Computer.
3. Highlight Computer by clicking on it once.
4. From the Registry Editor menu, choose File and then Export....
5. In the Export Registry File window that appears, choose a location to save
the registry backup file to.
6. Locate the File name: text field and enter a name for the backup file.
7. Click the Save button.
8. A Registration File with an REG file extension will be created in the
location you selected in Step 5 and with the file name you chose in Step 6.
Continuing the example from the last step, the file would be named
Complete Registry Backup.reg.
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06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 69
 Restore the Registry in Windows
1. Locate the Registration File you exported before making your changes
to the Windows 7, 8, 10, & 11 Registry.
2. Double-click on the REG file to open it.
3. Next you'll be prompted with a message in a Registry Editor window:
4. Click the Yes button.
5. Assuming the registry key(s) import was successful, you should receive
the following message in a Registry Editor window:
6. Click the OK button in this window.
7. Restart your computer.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 70

 Turn Off / Disable Background Windows Services to Improve
System Performance
1. Right-click on the Computer icon on the desktop and select Manage, it’ll open a new
window. Now go to Services & Applications -> Services. You can also open the same
from Administrative Tools -> Computer Management. Or you can directly open
“Services” list by providing services.msc command in RUN or Start Menu search box.
2. Now you can set the unnecessary services to DISABLED or MANUAL. Just double-
click on any service and select the desired option in the Startup type list box.
Here is a list of services that can be safely set to MANUAL:
 Application Experience
 Computer Browser (If your computer is not connected to any network)
 Desktop Window Manager Session Manager (If you don't use Aero theme)
 Diagnostic Policy Service
 Distributed Link Tracking Client
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 71
 Continued…  Tablet PC Input Service
 TCP/IP NetBIOS Helper (If you are not in
 IP Helper
a workgroup network)
 Offline Files
 Themes (If you use Windows Classic
 Portable Device Enumerator Service theme)
 Print Spooler (If you don't have Printer)  Windows Error Reporting Service
 Protected Storage  Windows Media Center Service Launcher
 Remote Registry (Always disable it for  Windows Search (If you don't use
Security purposes) Windows Search feature frequently)
 Secondary Logon  Windows Time (If you don't want to update
 Security Center system tray clock time using Internet)

 Server (If your computer is not connected to PS: You can see the details of each service to
any network) determine whether you should disable it or not

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 72

 What You Can Do to Make a Windows PC Faster
Over time, the speed of computers with Microsoft Windows can decrease. This
appears as the system taking more time to respond to a user’s actions like
opening files, and folders, surfing the Internet, and other tasks. However, there
are things you can do to speed up your computer.
• Make Sure Your Hardware is Sufficient
• Clean Your Desktop, Desk cleanup
• Scan Your Windows System for Errors
• Scan for Viruses, Spyware, and Adware
• Uninstall Unused Programs
• Adjust Visual Effects for Better Performance
• Don’t Automatically Start Programs
• Defragment Your Hard Drive (After you have tried everything else)
• Reinstall the Operating System and Programs
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 73
 32-bit versions of Windows Vs. 64-bit versions of Windows
The main differences between the 32-bit versions of Windows OS and the 64-bit
versions of Windows OS relate to memory accessibility, memory management, and
enhanced security features. The security features that are available in the 64-bit versions
of Windows OS include the following:
 Kernel Patch Protection
 Support for hardware-backed Data Execution Protection (DEP)
 Mandatory driver signing
 Removal of support for 32-bit drivers
 Removal of the 16-bit subsystem
One of the greatest advantages of using a 64-bit version of Windows OS is the ability to
access physical memory (RAM) that is above the 4-gigabyte (GB) range. This physical
memory is not addressable by 32-bit versions of Windows OS.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 74

1.
Exercise
Create USB bootable OS using UEFI (GPT) format.
2. Create a system Backup using both Windows & EasyUS tools.
3. Log your computer to safe mode.
4. Show how to create a restore point.
5. Show how to exclude KMS file from Windows Security.
6. State the steps to Reinstall Windows 11 OS
7. Perform a Disk Defragment task
8. State two Operating system problems, causes, and solutions.
9. When to use “chkdsk”
10. State the different categories of Operating systems and Hardware platform.
11. Open Firewall and Advanced Setting the allow application that run on the
network using “TCP IP: 8.8.8.8”
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 75
 Fix the Startup Problem of Windows Using
Command Line (for MBR OS Only)

Bootrec /FixMbr
Bootrec /FixBoot
Bootrec /ScanOs
Bootrec /RebuildBcd

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 76

 Fixing BOOTMGR missing issue
•bcdedit /export C:\BCD_Backup
•c:
•cd boot
•attrib bcd -s -h -r
•ren c:\boot\bcd bcd.old
•bootrec /RebuildBcd

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 77

Computer Security
 Computer Security
Computer Security is the protection of digital information
and IT assets from all kinds of cyber threats and attacks.
There are different types of computer security used to
protect the organization’s IT infrastructure.
Computer Security is also known as cyber security which
is the protection of computer systems such as hardware,
software, network, and electronic data.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 79

 Computer Security Threats, Issues, and
Vulnerabilities
• Viruses
• Computer Worm
• Phishing
• Botnet
• Rootkit
• Keylogger

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 80

 Types of Computer Security
(Cybersecurity)
For the protection of software, hardware, electronic data, and
network in computer systems.
• Application Security
• Network Security
• Endpoint Security
• Internet Security

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 Computer Security Principles and Practices
 Ensure physical computer security:
o Install security and anti-virus software
o Activate firewall
 Update your software and stay alert on news and the latest software
 Do not click on email attachments from unknown senders
 Make your passwords strong and change them regularly
 Ignore pop-ups and drive-by downloads when using the Internet
 Educate yourself on the fundamentals of computer security and the
latest cyber threats
 Perform regular scans and create system backups periodically
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 82
 Continued…
In addition to the above, there are several other
ways, such as computer cleaners and encryption, to
protect your computer system.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 83

 Windows operating system security

• Anti-virus
• Windows update
• Firewall

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 84

 Computer User Account Types
• Administrators have full control over the system.
• Standard users are permitted to log on to the computer, run
programs, customize their accounts, and save files in their user
folders. Users are restricted from making system-wide changes.
• Guest account: Windows includes an account named Guest,
which has a bare minimum of permissions and is disabled by
default.
• Using Control Panel and Using the 'Local Users and Groups' Tool
• Create a User Account
• Change Account Type
• Create Password and Change Password
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 85
 Exercise
• What are the security types?
• How do you harden your computer system.
• What do you advice to your client or Computer Users regarding
system security.
• Do a system data backup and restore it.
• Take a Regedit Backup

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Backup & Restore
Windows System Image
 Backup and Restore
Backup and Restore are the primary tool backup
component of Windows. It can create file and folder
backups, as well as system image backups, to be
used for recovery in the event of data corruption,
hard disk drive failure, or malware infection.

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 Types of backups
• Normal backup
• Incremental backup
• Differential backup
• Copy backup
• Daily backup

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 89

 Create System Image
1. Open Setting on Windows 10.
2. Click on Update & Security.
3. Click on Backup.
4. Under the “Looking for an older backup” section, click the
Go to Backup and Restore (Windows 7) option.
5. Click the Create a system image option from the left
pane.
6. Under the “On a hard disk” setting, select the external USB
drive for the full backup of Windows.
7. Click the Next button.
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 90
 Continued…
8. Select any other drive you want to include in the Windows full
backup (if applicable).
9. Click the Next button.
10. Click the Start backup button.
11. Click the No button at the end of the backup.

It is also possible to take Windows images (Backup) using

a third-party application.
• EasyUS and others

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 Restoring System Image
To restore a full backup on Windows 10, use these steps:
1. Power off the computer.
2. Connect the Windows 10 USB installation media.
3. Connect the USB backup drive
4. Power on the computer.
5. Click the Next button on the “Windows Setup” page.
6. Click the Repair your computer option from the bottom-left corner.
7. Click on Troubleshoot.
8. Click the System Image Recovery option.
9.Click on Windows 10.
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 92
 Continued…
10. Select the “Use the latest available system image” option.
11. Click the Next button.
12. (Optional) Check the “Format and portion disks” option if the backup
restoration will be to a new drive.
13. (Optional) Check the “Only restore system drives” option to restore
only the drives needed to run Windows 10.
14. Click the Next button.
15. Click the Finish button.
16. Click the Yes button.
After you complete the steps, the backup will restore on your computer
with all the installation files, applications, configurations, and personal
files.
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 93
 Create Data Backup & Restore
To Create Data Backup
• On Windows Computer go to
Control Panel
• Click on Backup and Restore
(Windows 7)
• Click on Setup Backup
• Then provide backup location and
follow on screen wizard.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 94

 Continued..
To Restore Backup data
• On Windows Computer go to
Control Panel
• Click on Backup and Restore
(Windows 7)
• Click on Select another backup to
restore file from
• Then select the backup from the list
location and follow on screen wizard.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 95

 Exercise
• Create a Data Backup
• Restore the Data Backup

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 96

Preventive Maintenance
 What is Preventive Maintenance
Preventive maintenance (PM) refers to performing a series of
maintenance tasks to prevent system problems. It is done as a
precautionary measure to avoid any problems in the future. This is
different from corrective maintenance, which includes measures to
correct an existing problem. PC (Personal Computer) preventive
maintenance includes proactive maintenance of PC components
such as the mouse, keyboard, drives, and monitor to ensure the
smooth functioning of a PC.
Generally, people ignore performing preventive maintenance tasks
on their PCs. Maintenance is sometimes taken very lightly and as a
result, the components wear out sooner than expected. Overlooking
maintenance leads to frequent PC-related problems.
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 98
 Preventive maintenance provides the following
benefits:
 Saves Money: Handling the problem areas in a PC
before actually facing a problem, substantially reduces
the possibility of a sudden breakdown and the
associated expenditure.
 Saves Time: Troubleshooting the components and their
repair procedures takes more time as compared to
preventive maintenance procedures. Performing
preventive maintenance procedures reduces the
possibility of system failures and data loss

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 Continued…
 Improves Performance: With the passage of time,
some components of a PC such as a mouse and keyboard
degrade in performance. Preventive maintenance helps
in improving the performance and life of these
components
 Safeguards Data: Preventive maintenance procedures
can be used to protect hardware devices such as hard
disk drives and as a result, to safeguard the software(s)
and the user data stored on these drives

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 Continued…

Preventive maintenance of system can be

categorized in two sections mainly:
 Hardware maintenance
 Software maintenance

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 Hardware maintenance encompasses preventive
maintenance of the following items:
• Clean the case • Change of CMOS
• Maintain the mouse • Swipe the RAMS and
• Keep your keyboard neat Cards
• Keep your monitor sparkle
• Check your power protection • Periodic Checkups
• Clean your CD and DVD media • Periodic Checkups of HDD
• Clean the CD / DVD-ROM drive • Hardware Upgrades
• Give your system an Air Blow

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 Software Preventive Maintenance
• Firmware Update • Check the System
• Driver Update Performance setting
• Windows Service Pack • Startup Programs
Upgrades
• Check for memory Leaks
• Windows Update
• Get rid of Temporary files
• Anti-virus update
• Delete .zip files • Anti-spyware & Anti-malware
• Remove Old Programs • Data Placement
• Registry cleaning/backup • Data Backup
• Disk Defragment
• Removal of duplicate files

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 103

 Need for Creating PM Schedule

For preventive maintenance measures to be effective

you need to plan them in advance but you tend to
forget the exact time of carrying out PC preventive
maintenance activities. Therefore, it is important to
create a preventive maintenance schedule and use it
for reference.

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 Continued…
PM schedule is a chart that shows various maintenance activities
and their frequency. You can modify the schedule as and when
required. After setting up a schedule, you can translate it to actual
dates, which will help you remember date and time to perform
various preventive maintenance activities
The interval for preventive maintenance on PCs can be
determined based on:
• Elapsed time
• Usage metrics
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 105
 Continued…
Suggested Possibility of
Preventive Maintenance Activity
Frequency Mechanization
Error checking in hard disk file systems Daily Yes
Virus Scan Daily Yes
Clean CRT screens Weekly No
Perform defragmentation of hard disks Weekly Yes
Scan read errors in hard disks Weekly Yes
Clean mouse Monthly No
Clean read/write heads in DVD disk drive Quarterly No
Check internals of CPU such as processor temperature, heat
6 month No
sink and fan
Check temperature and vibration in hard disk 6 month No
Clean CPU case 6 month No
Clean monitor from outside Annually No
Clean keyboard Quarterly No
06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 106
 Exercise
• List advantages of Preventive maintenance.
• List four software Preventive maintenance tasks
• List three hardware preventive maintenance tasks.
• Plan your Woreda and/or Zone Preventive maintenance
schedule.

06/22/2024 Basic Computer Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 107

Thank you