Week 8 Gas Laws

WELCOME
TO
GENERAL
CHEMISTR
Y
WEEK 8
PRESSURE OF GAS
GAS LAW
PRAYER
1.How many moles of carbon dioxide (CO2) is
expected to obtain based on stoichiometric
calculation of limiting reactant?
What is the average actual yield of the product/s
2.
after the reaction?

3.What is the calculated percent yield of carbon dioxide
(CO2) after the reaction if 40.0 g vinegar is used as
limiting reactant?
HOW MANY
ELEMENTS ARE
GASES IN THE
PERIODIC
TABLE?
◦H ◦ Ne
◦ He ◦ Ar
◦N ◦ Kr
◦O ◦ Xe
◦F ◦ Rn
◦ Cl
HAVE YOU
EXPERIENCE
PRESSING A
BALLOON OR A
BALL?
DO YOU FEEL THE
PRESSURE WHILE
COMPRESSING IT?
PRESSURE
◦ Pressure is defined as the force the
gas exerts on a given area of the
container in which it is contained.
The SI unit for pressure is the
Pascal, Pa.
◦ If you’ve ever inflated a tire,

you’ve probably made a pressure
measurement in pounds (force)
per square inch (area).
Mathematically:
◦ = m/s
◦ The SI unit of pressure is the ◦ = m/s2
pascal (Pa), defined as one ◦ Force = mass x acceleration
◦ The SI unit of force is in Newton
newton per square meter: (N), where
1 Pa= 1 N/m2 N= 1 kg m/s2

Unit of Pressure
◦ 1 Pa= 1 N/m2
◦ 1 atm = 101.325 kilopascals (kPa) = 1.01325 x 105 Pa
◦ 1 atm= 760 mmHg =760 torr

◦ 1 bar = 1 x 102 kPa = 1 x 105 Pa
◦ 1 atm= 14.7 psi (pound square in)
◦ 1psi=6895 Pa
SAMPLE PROBLEM
The pressure outside a jet plane flying at high altitude falls considerably below
standard atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the air inside the cabin must be
pressurized to protect the passengers. What is the pressure in atmospheres in
the cabin if the barometer reading is 688 mmHg?
◦ Hint : 1 atm= 760 mmHg
◦ mmHg → atm
◦= 0.905 atm
Fill in the table by converting given into
required unit of pressure
Atm mmHg Torr Pa
2
0.907 689.3 1
689.3 91,899.1
3
4
1.06 5
805.5 6
805.5 107,045
2.23x10 -2
7
16.95 8
16.95 9
2,259.54
10
1.15 11
871.4 871.4 12
116,176.8
1310
1.11x -2
14
8.40 15
8.40 1.12 x 103
PRESSURE (atm, Pa, mmHg, psi, bar,
torr)
VOLUME (L or m3 )
FOUR
VARIABLES
TEMPERATURE (absolute temp. K)
NUMBER OF MOLE (n)

STP: you need to memorize this
Standard Temperature & Pressure

0°C 273 K
1 atm or 101.325 kPa
DID YOU KNOW THAT THE RELATIONSHIP
WE HAVE DISCUSSED CAN BE COMBINED
IN A SINGLE LAW?
IDEAL GAS LAW

By combining the gas laws we can write a
general equation.
PV= nRT
IDEAL GAS LAW
PV=nRT
constant n constant P
constant n
and T and T
and P
Boyle’s Law Avogadro’s Law

Charles’s Law
IDEAL GAS LAW
· R is called the gas constant.
· The value of R depends on the units of P and V.
We will use and convert P to atm and V to liters.
· The other gas laws are found in the ideal gas law if two
variables are kept constant.
· The ideal gas law allows us to find one of the variables if we
know the other three.
Standard Conditions
◦ Because the volume of a gas varies with pressure and
temperature, chemists have agreed on a set of conditions to
report our measurements so that comparison is easy.
We call these standard conditions.
STP
◦ Standard pressure = 1 atm
◦ Standard temperature = 273 K = 0 °C
Molar Volume
◦ The volume occupied by one mole of a substance is its molar
volume at STP
(T =273 K or 0 °C and P = 1atm).
Molar Volume at STP
◦ Solving the ideal gas equation for the volume of 1 mol of gas
at STP gives 22.4 L.
6.022 × 1023 molecules of gas
Notice that the gas is immaterial.
◦ We call the volume of 1 mole of gas at STP the molar volume.
It is important to recognize that one mole measure of
different gases have different masses, even though they have
the same volume.
MOLAR
VOLUME
AT STP
Density of a Gas at STP
◦ Density is the ratio of mass to volume.
◦ Density of a gas is generally given in g/L.
◦ The mass of 1 mole = molar mass.
◦ The volume of 1 mole at STP = 22.4 L.
Density of a Gas at STP
◦For example, the densities of helium and
nitrogen gas at STP are as follows:
Density calculation
PV=nRT
𝑚
𝑛=
𝑀
𝒎
𝒅=
𝑽
SAMPLE PROBLEM FOR IDEAL GAS
LAW
◦ Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is a colorless, odorless, very unreactive gas.
Calculate the pressure (in atm) exerted by 1.82 moles of the gas in a
steel vessel of volume 5.43 L at 69.5°C.
◦ Given information:
◦ n = 1.82 moles Solution:
◦ V = 5.43 L
◦ T = 69.5 °C + 273 = 342.5 K
◦ R = 0.0821 L∙atm/mol∙K
◦ P= ?
SAMPLE PROBLEM FOR IDEAL GAS
LAW
◦ Calculate the volume (in liters) occupied by 2.12 moles of
nitric oxide (NO) at 6.54 atm and 76°C
◦ n = 2.12 moles Solution:
◦ P = 6.54 atm
◦ T = 76 °C + 273 = 349 K
◦ R = 0.0821 L∙atm/mol∙K
◦ V= ?L
SAMPLE PROBLEM (density calculation)
◦ Calculate the density of carbon dioxide (CO2) in grams
per liter ( g/L) at 0.990 atm and 55°C.
◦ M = 44.01g/mol Solution:
◦ P = 0.990 atm
◦ T = 55 °C + 273 = 328 K
◦ R = 0.0821 L∙atm/mol∙K
◦ d= ?g/L
Mixtures of Gases
◦ Many gas samples are
not pure but are
mixtures of gases.
◦ Dry air, for example, is a
mixture containing
nitrogen, oxygen, argon,
carbon dioxide, and a
few other gases in trace
amounts.
Mixtures of Gases
◦ Therefore, in certain applications, the mixture can be
thought of as one gas.
Even though air is a mixture, we can measure the

pressure, volume, and temperature of air as if it were a
pure substance.
We can calculate the total moles of molecules in an air

sample, knowing P, V, and T, even though they are
different molecules.
PARTIAL PRESSURE
PARTIAL PRESSURE
◦ The pressure of a single gas in a mixture of gases is called its partial
pressure.
◦ We can calculate the partial pressure of a gas if
we know what fraction of the mixture it composes and the total pressure,
or we know the number of moles of the gas in a container of known volume and
temperature.
◦ The sum of the partial pressures of all the gases in the mixture equals
the total pressure:
Dalton’s law of partial pressures
Gases behave independently
Partial Pressure
◦ The pressure due to any individual component in a gas
mixture is its partial pressure (Pn).
◦ We can calculate partial pressure from the ideal gas law
by assuming that each gas component acts
independently.
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
◦ For a multicomponent gas mixture, we calculate the partial pressure of
each component from the ideal gas law and the number of moles of that
component ( nn ) as follows:
The sum of the partial pressures of the components in a gas mixture

equals the total pressure:
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
◦ P total is the total pressure and Pa, Pb, Pc, . . . are the partial
pressures of the components. This relationship is known as
Dalton’s law of partial pressures.
Mole Fraction
The ratio of the partial pressure a single gas contributes, and total
pressure is equal to the mole fraction.
The number of moles of a component in a mixture divided by the total

number of moles in the mixture, is the mole fraction.
SAMPLE PROBLEM
◦ A mixture of gases contains 4.46 moles of neon (Ne), 0.74 mole of
argon (Ar), and 2.15 moles of xenon (Xe). Calculate the partial
pressures of the gases if the total pressure is 2.00 atm at a certain
temperature.
◦ Solution:
◦
Boyle’s Law
• 1- Spray paint.
• 2- Soda bottle or can
• 3 – Diving into deep water.
Charles’s Law
Application of • Hot Air Balloon
• Bakery Products
Gas Laws • Helium Balloon On Cold Day
Avogadro’s Law
• Balloons
• Tyres
• Human Lungs
APPLICATION
OF DALTON’S
LAW OF
PARTIAL
PRESURE
THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING

Week 8 Gas Laws

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Week 8 Gas Laws

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Week 8 Gas Laws

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

WELCOME

after the reaction?

◦ If you’ve ever inflated a tire,

1 Pa= 1 N/m2 N= 1 kg m/s2

◦ 1 atm= 760 mmHg =760 torr

NUMBER OF MOLE (n)

Standard Temperature & Pressure

IDEAL GAS LAW

Boyle’s Law Avogadro’s Law

Even though air is a mixture, we can measure the

We can calculate the total moles of molecules in an air

The sum of the partial pressures of the components in a gas mixture

The number of moles of a component in a mixture divided by the total

You might also like