IMPULSE

AND
MOMENTUM
• Lesson 1- Impulse and Momentum
• Lesson 2- Conservation of Momentum

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. relate impulse and momentum to the collision of
objects (e.g., vehicular collision) (S9FE- IVb-36);
2. identify the factors that may affect the motion of
objects; and
3. infer that the total momentum before and after the
collision is equal (S9FEIVb-36)
What makes things move?

Why do some objects move continuously

while some moving objects stop suddenly?
Directions: Write T if the statement is TRUE and if
otherwise, choose the words that make it incorrect.

1. A force is a push or a pull upon an object resulting

from the objects’ interaction with another object.
2. Velocity is a scalar measurement of the rate and
direction of motion.
3. The basic SI unit of mass is Joule.
4. Newton’s first law is sometimes referred to as the law
of inertia.
5. A vector is a quantity that has both a magnitude and a
direction.
Directions:
Study and analyze the
pictures.

Consider a cargo truck with a mass of 10,000 kilograms

traveling at a velocity of 40 kilometers per hour and a small
car with a mass of 2000 kilograms traveling at the same
velocity
If the two vehicles suddenly lose their breaks
and crash against the brick wall,

a. which do you think would be more

damaging?
b. on what factor would the impact of collision
depend if their velocities are the same?
 Momentum in a simple way is a quantity of
motion. Here quantity is measurable because if an
object is moving and has mass, then it has
momentum. If an object does not move, then it has
no momentum. However, in everyday life it has
importance but many people do not recognize it.
 The momentum of a body is defined as the
product of its mass and velocity.

If we throw a cricket ball and a tennis ball with

the same speed or velocity, which will need more
force to stop?
The force required to stop a moving body is directly
proportional to its mass.

18 m/s 28 m/s

The force required to stop a moving body is also

directly proportional to its velocity.
Momentum is a vector quantity and takes place in the
direction of velocity.

SI unit of momentum is kilogram meters per second or

kg. m/s.

Momentum = mass x velocity

p = mv
Where p = momentum
m = mass
v = velocity or speed
Example:
If a 6.0 kg bowling ball is rolled with a velocity of 3.5
m/s, what is the momentum of the ball?

Given: m = 6.0 kg
v = 3.5 m/s
Find: p= ?
Solution:
p= mv
p= 6.0 kg (3.5 m/s)
p = 21 kg.m/s
2. A bowling ball whose mass is 4.0 kg is rolling at a
rate of 2.5 m/s. What is its momentum?

3. A skateboard is rolling at a velocity of 3.0 m/s with

a momentum of 6.0 kg.m/s. What is its mass?

4. A pitcher throws a baseball with a mass of 0.5 kg

and a momentum of 10 kg-m/s. What is its velocity?
Given the following data, solve for the momentum.

Object Mass (kg) Velocity (m/s) Momentum (kg-m/s)

Bird 0.03 18
Car 20,000 75 m/s
Bullet 0.004 600
Baseball .14 30
Frog 0.9 12
Impulse

Impulse is a term that quantifies the overall effect of force

acting over time. It is conventionally given the symbol I, and
expressed in Newton-seconds (N.s).

For a constant force, I = F⋅Δt

F = ma , since a then
F = m()
Rearranging the equation, Ft = mvf – mvi , since p = mv,
then Ft = pf – pi
or Ft = Δp
 Ft = Δp

It turns out that the same impulse invariably leads to the

same change in momentum. The above equation implies
that for a fixed value of the change in momentum, the
impact force is smaller when the impact time is bigger
while the impact force is bigger when the impact time is
smaller. A quick jab by a boxer makes a hard hit. A net, a
cushion and corrugated containers all decrease the impact
force.
Tiger Woods hits a 0.02 kg golf ball, giving it a speed of
25 m/s. What impulse does he impart to the ball?

Given: m = 0.02 kg
Δv = 25 m/s – 0 = 25 m/s
Find: I
Solution: Since the golf ball is initially at rest, the initial
velocity is equal to zero.
Thus, I = Δp = mΔv = (0.02 kg)(25 m/s)
I = 0.50 kg.m/s or 0.50 Ns
1. What is the impulse on a 1,000 kg mass if a
force of 3,500 N is applied to the mass in a
span of 3 s in a forward direction?

2. How much force is exerted on a 13-kg

object accelerating from 20m/s to 12 m/s in .5
s?
Why do drivers required
to use seatbelts
while driving?
 EGG VOLLEYBALL
1. Was the handkerchief able to protect the egg
from breaking? Why? Why not?
2. Did the egg break immediately when it hit the
ground? Why?
3. How was the impact force lessened by the use of
the handkerchief?
4.Discuss how the softness or hardness of the
landing surface is related to the time required to
stop the egg.
Conservation of Momentum
Collision
A collision is an encounter between two objects
resulting in exchange of impulse and momentum.
Because the time of impact is usually small, the impulse
provided by external forces like friction during this
time is negligible. If we take the colliding bodies as one
system, the momentum of the system is therefore
approximately conserved. The total momentum of the
system before the collision is equal to the total
momentum of the system after collision.
total momentum before collision = total momentum after collision

Collisions are categorized according to whether the total

kinetic energy of the system changes. Kinetic energy may be lost
during collisions when (1) it is converted to heat or other forms
like binding energy, sound, light (if there is spark), etc. and (2) it
is spent in producing deformation or damage, such as when two
cars collide.
Two types of collision

1. Elastic collision – one in which the total kinetic energy

of the system does not change and colliding objects
bounce off after collision. (balls in billiard game)
2. Inelastic collision – one in which the total kinetic
energy of the system changes or converted to some
other form of energy. Objects that stick together
after collision is said to be perfectly inelastic. (collision
of two cars)
The collision time affects the amount of force that an
object experiences during a collision. The greater the
time over with the collision occurs the smaller the force
acting upon the object. Thus, to minimize the force
experienced by an object during a collision, the collision
time must increase. The airbags in automobiles increase
the collapse time and minimize the effect of force on
objects during a collision. Airbags accomplish this by
extending the time required to stop the momentum of the
passenger and the driver
 Conservation of momentum states that for a collision
between object 1 and object 2 in an isolated system, the
total momentum of the 2 objects before the collision is
equal to the momentum of the 2 objects after the
collision. The momentum lost by object 1 is equal to the
momentum gained by object 2.

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝜌𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 𝜌𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑚𝑣𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 𝑚𝑣𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
(𝑚𝑣)1 + (𝑚𝑣)2 = (𝑚𝑣)1 + (𝑚𝑣)2
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GyhaVaZgqTI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dgyPRA86K0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMRulHySH3c

The Newton's cradle is a device that demonstrates the

conservation of momentum and the conservation of energy with
swinging spheres. When one sphere at the end is lifted and
released, it strikes the stationary spheres, transmitting a force
through the stationary spheres that pushes the last sphere upward.
Momentum is a vector quantity. It must have both
magnitude (numerical value) and direction. The
direction of the momentum vector is always in the
same direction as the velocity vector. Like all
vector quantities, momentum vectors can be added.
For situations in which the two vectors are in
opposite directions, one vector is considered
negative and the other positive.
Conservation of Momentum
If we want to change the momentum of an object, an external
force is required. There will be no change in momentum if there is no
external force.

The Law of Conservation of momentum states

that the total momentum of a system does not change
if zero external net force acts on it. In equation:

P initial = P final
1) An 11kg stone moving at 33 m/s
strikes a second stone at rest. After a
collision, the 11 kg stone is moving
with a velocity of 13 m/s and the
second stone is moving with a
velocity of 8 m/s. What is the mass of
the second stone?
 Before Collision After Collision
Stone 1 Stone 2 Stone 1 Stone 2

mass 11 kg mstone2 11 kg mstone2

velocity 33m/s 0 m/s 13 m/s 8 m/s

Solution:
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝜌𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 𝜌𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑚𝑣𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 𝑚𝑣𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑚𝑣1 + 𝑚𝑣2 = 𝑚𝑣1 + 𝑚𝑣2
(11 kg ∗ 33 𝑚 𝑠 ) + (𝑚stone2 ∗ 0 𝑚 𝑠 ) = (11 kg ∗ 13 𝑚 𝑠 ) + (𝑚stone2∗ 8 𝑚 𝑠 )
(363 𝑘𝑔∗𝑚/𝑠 ) + 0 = (143 𝑘𝑔∗𝑚/𝑠 ) + (𝑚stone2 ∗ 8 𝑚 𝑠 )
(363 𝑘𝑔 ∗ 𝑚 𝑠 ) − (143 𝑘𝑔 ∗ 𝑚 𝑠 ) = (𝑚stone2 ∗ 8 𝑚 𝑠 )
(220 𝑘𝑔 ∗ 𝑚/𝑠 ) = (𝑚stone2 ∗ 8 m/𝑠 )
220 𝑘𝑔∗𝑚/𝑠 /8 𝑚 𝑠 = 𝑚stone2
27.5 kg = 𝑚stone2
2. A 0.5 kg ball strikes a second 1.5
kg ball at rest. After a collision, the
0.5 kg ball is moving with a
velocity of 13 m/s and the second
ball is moving with a velocity of 8
m/s. What is the initial velocity of
the first ball?
Your Task
Directions: Analyze and solve the problems given below.

1. What impulse will give a 5 kg mass a momentum

change of 500 kg•m/s?
2. Two billiard balls, the cue ball and the 8-ball had a
perfectly elastic collision. Imagine that before the
collision, the 8-ball was initially at rest as the cue ball
moved at a speed of 0.10 m/s. What was the speed of the
8-ball after the collision, if the velocity of the cue ball
becomes zero and the mass of each ball is 0.05 kg?
Assume that friction is negligible.
3. A 3000 kg car moving with a velocity of 10 m/s hits
a 1000 kg parked car. The impact causes the 1000 kg car
to be set in motion at 15 m/s. Assuming that momentum
is conserved during the collision, determine the velocity
of the car immediately after the collision.
4. Suppose that a 2500-kg truck moving with a velocity
of 15 m/s hit a 1500 kg car at rest. The impact cause the
two vehicles to stick together. Assuming that the
momentum was conserved during the collision, what is
the velocity of the vehicles after the collision?