Thermodynamics Sessional

ME-2102
Project’s Title : Automated Irrigation System Using Solar Energy
Supervised by Presented by
Md. Jewel Rana (2102144)
Durjoy Kumar Paul Niha Taran (2102145)
Lecturer,
Department of Mechanical Sifat Sarkar (2102146)
Engineering Md. Redwanul Hoque (2102147)
Rajshahi University of Arafat Hossain (2102148)
Engineering & Technology.
Iqbal Ahmed (2102149)
Aslam Ahmed Sohan (2102150)
Rafsan Redowan (2102151)
 Motivation:
 The motivation for this project came from the countries where economy is
based on agriculture and the climate conditions lead to lack of rains and
scarcity of water. We select this project for the northern side of Bangladesh.
The farmers working in the farm lands are solely dependent on the rains and
bore wells for irrigation of the land.
 Pump be turned on/off ,saves a lot time for the farmers. This also gives much
needed rest to the farmers, as they don’t have to go and turn the pump
on/off manually.
 Even if the farm land as a water-pump, manual intervention by farmers is
required to turn the pump on/off whenever needed.
 The aim of our project is to minimize this manual intervention by the farmer,
that’s why we are using Node-MCU.
 Introduction:

 Use of IoT devices for making irrigation system automated in which the
irrigation will be monitored by remote devices and to save water and reduce
human intervention in agriculture field.
 Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil.
 It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of
landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during
periods of inadequate rainfall.
 Irrigation also has a few other uses in crop production ,which include
protecting plants against frost.
 There are many devices automated for solving the issue of irrigating land but
yet our farmer need IoT based smart devices.
 Literature Review:
 In this paper, we propose a solar-powered automated irrigation system designed for versatile
applications, be it in agriculture, homes, farms, or plant nurseries. The system is adaptable and caters
to three separate plant sections, analyzing soil moisture and ambient temperature to deliver precise
water amounts to each plant. Effective water management in agricultural areas is overseen by a
microcontroller equipped with soil moisture sensors. These sensors gather water-related data and
relay it to the microcontroller for processing. Solar energy is harnessed to activate the water pump,
ensuring the irrigation process is regulated through a combination of soil moisture sensing and solar
power.

 In this study, a soil moisture sensor is positioned in the plant's root zone, and a gateway unit
manages the sensor data. An algorithm is created to determine the threshold values of the soil
moisture sensor, and these values are programmed into a microcontroller for regulating the quantity
of water. The power source for the system involves the utilization of a photovoltaic panel.

 Later, we added IoT based information that makes our project more effective and organized.
Basically, it refers to the collective network of connected devices and the technology that facilitates
communication between devices and the cloud, as well as between the devices themselves.
 Research Gap:
The research gap for IoT-based automated irrigation systems can vary depending on the specific
focus and context of the study. However, here are some common areas where further research
may be needed:
 Data Security and Privacy: Assessing the security and privacy risks associated with collecting,
transmitting, and storing sensitive data from IoT devices in agricultural environments.
Research in this area could focus on encryption techniques, access control mechanisms, and
data anonymization methods to protect farmers' information.
 Sensor Accuracy and Reliability: Investigating the accuracy, reliability, and longevity of IoT
sensors used for monitoring soil moisture, weather conditions, and plant health. Addressing
issues such as sensor drift, calibration, and maintenance could enhance the overall
effectiveness of automated irrigation systems.
 Integration with Other Farming Technologies: Exploring how IoT-based irrigation systems can
be integrated with other emerging farming technologies, such as precision agriculture, drones,
or robotic farming equipment. Research in this area could examine synergies between
different technologies to optimize farm management practices and improve overall
agricultural productivity.
 Cost-Effectiveness: Analyzing the cost-effectiveness of implementing IoT-based irrigation
systems compared to traditional irrigation methods. This could involve conducting economic
evaluations that consider factors such as upfront investment costs, operational expenses,
water savings, and potential increases in crop yields.
 Objectives:
 The core objectives for this project are:

1.To minimize manual intervention by the farmer.

 The main motive of the research is to water the trees in an eco-friendly way. Rajshahi is located in
the north-west of Bangladesh. At the time of summer, there is seen massive deficiency of water in
the trees. Besides tree plantation, we have to take care of them for their better lives. Solar energy is
that kind of energy which we get out of cost and can use it freely. For the set-up of the automated
watering system, power supply is needed that can be gotten by the solar energy. Automated
watering aims to optimize irrigation processes, ensuring efficient and precise distribution of water
to plants. The primary objectives include conserving water resources by avoiding over-irrigation,
promoting plant health through consistent hydration, and enhancing overall agricultural or garden
productivity. By utilizing sensors and smart technology, automated watering systems enable real-
time monitoring of soil moisture levels, allowing for customized watering schedules. This not only
minimizes water wastage but also saves time and labor, contributing to sustainable and resource-
efficient cultivation practices. Ultimately, the goal is to strike a balance between environmental
responsibility, plant well-being, and operational efficiency.
 Design of the Module:
 Methodology:
 For designing an IoT-based automated irrigation system several steps and considerations have to
be involved. Here's a methodology that we follow for the project :
1. Defining Requirements: By understanding the specific needs of our irrigation system, we
consider factors such as the type of plants, soil moisture requirements, climate conditions, and
available water sources.
2. Hardware Selection: We choose appropriate hardware components such as sensors, actuators,
microcontrollers, and communication modules. For soil moisture sensing, we use capacitive or
resistive soil moisture sensors.
3. Sensor Placement: The optimal locations to place sensors for monitoring soil moisture,
temperature, humidity, and possibly weather conditions like rainfall and sunlight intensity are
determined. Proper sensor placement is crucial for accurate data collection.
4. Microcontroller Programming: The microcontroller (e.g., Arduino, Raspberry Pi) to collect data
from sensors and control actuators based on predefined logic are programed . Besides, we use a
suitable programming language like C/C++ or Python for this task.
5. Connectivity Setup: Establishing connectivity between the microcontroller and the internet using
protocols like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or cellular networks has been done. This allows the system to
send data to a central server or receive commands remotely.
  Methodology:
6. Cloud Integration: We implement cloud-based services to store and process sensor data.
Platforms like AWS IoT, Google Cloud IoT, or Microsoft Azure IoT provide tools for data storage,
analytics, and visualization.
7.Data Analysis and Decision Making: Developing algorithms to analyze sensor data and make
decisions regarding irrigation scheduling is mandatory . Machine learning techniques can be
applied to predict soil moisture levels and optimize watering schedules based on historical data
and environmental factors.
8.User Interface: We create a user interface (web or mobile app) to allow users to monitor the
irrigation system remotely, view sensor data, adjust settings, and receive notifications/alerts.
9.Testing and Optimization: We conduct thorough testing of the system under various conditions
to ensure reliability and efficiency and optimize the system parameters based on test results and
user feedback.
10.Deployment and Maintenance: Deploying the automated irrigation system in the target
environment and provide regular maintenance to ensure proper functioning has been done by us.
Monitoring system performance over time and making necessary updates or improvements also
have done .
 Design of the whole system:
 Results:
 Every plant species exhibits varying water requirements and sensitivity to both
insufficient and excessive watering. Conducting a survey across multiple plant
nurseries in Oran and Tlemcen, Algeria, provided initial insights for addressing the
issue. Initially, we contemplated categorizing plants into three types: Arid, Normal, and
Fragile (seeds). However, after conducting field visits, we reconsidered our approach.
We concluded that allowing users to determine the minimum percentage of soil
moisture is the most effective choice. This approach is superior because it avoids
restricting us to only three plant types, enabling optimization of water distribution
across various plant species.

 Three replicas of the automated system that we are proposing have been used
successfully in other places for 1 month. Because of its energy autonomy and low cost,
the system has the potential to be useful in water limited geographically isolated
areas. This paper design a model of automated irrigation system which is based on
microcontroller and solar power was used only for source of power supply. Various
sensors were placed in paddy field and the project was done and tested successfully.
 Outcomes:
 IoT-based automated irrigation systems offer several potential outcomes and benefits:
1. Water Conservation: By continuously monitoring soil moisture levels and weather conditions in real-
time, IoT-based systems can optimize irrigation schedules to deliver water precisely when and where
it's needed. This targeted approach to irrigation helps minimize water waste and promotes more
efficient water usage, leading to significant water savings over time.
2. Improved Crop Yields: Maintaining optimal soil moisture levels is crucial for plant growth and
productivity. IoT-based irrigation systems ensure that crops receive the right amount of water at the
right time, which can result in healthier plants, increased root development, and higher yields.
3. Labor Savings: Automated irrigation systems eliminate the need for manual monitoring and
adjustment of irrigation equipment, saving farmers time and labor. Instead of physically inspecting
fields and manually operating irrigation systems, farmers can remotely monitor and control irrigation
activities through IoT-enabled platforms or mobile applications.
4. Cost Reduction: By reducing water usage, labor requirements, and potential crop losses due to under
or over-irrigation, IoT-based systems can lead to significant cost savings for farmers. Additionally,
automation can help optimize energy usage and reduce operational expenses associated with irrigation
equipment.
5. Enhanced Decision Making: IoT sensors provide farmers with valuable data on soil moisture,
temperature, humidity, and other environmental variables in real-time. By analyzing this data, farmers
can make more informed decisions about irrigation scheduling, crop management practices, and
resource allocation, ultimately optimizing farm productivity and profitability.
 Conclusions:
 In conclusion, the implementation of an IoT-based automated irrigation system
represents a significant advancement in agricultural technology with far-reaching
benefits. By harnessing the power of real-time data monitoring, analysis, and remote
control capabilities, such a system revolutionizes traditional irrigation practices,
offering numerous advantages for farmers, the environment, and society as a whole.
 Through precise monitoring of soil moisture levels, weather conditions, and plant health
indicators, IoT-enabled sensors ensure that crops receive optimal irrigation, leading to
enhanced water efficiency and conservation. This not only reduces water waste but also
mitigates the risk of under or over-irrigation, resulting in improved crop yields and
quality.
 In essence, the successful implementation of an IoT-based automated irrigation project
represents a win-win solution for farmers, communities, and the planet, offering a
pathway towards more efficient, productive, and sustainable agriculture. As technology
continues to evolve and innovate, the potential for further optimization and refinement
of these systems remains vast, promising even greater advancements and benefits in
the years to come.
 Future Recommendations:
 The problems we faced for doing this project ,that should not be repeated in future.
Additionally some more steps should be taken. These are-
1.Mobile and Cloud-based Platforms: Developing mobile applications and cloud-based platforms
for remote monitoring and control of irrigation systems can enhance accessibility and
convenience for farmers.
2.Expansion of Sensor Networks: Increasing the density and diversity of sensor networks can
provide more granular data insights and improve the accuracy of irrigation decisions. This may
involve deploying a variety of sensors, including soil moisture sensors, weather stations, aerial
drones, and satellite imagery.
3.Integration of AI and Machine Learning: Incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine
learning algorithms can enhance the predictive capabilities of IoT-based irrigation systems. By
analyzing historical data, these algorithms can identify patterns, optimize irrigation schedules,
and even anticipate future water requirements based on crop growth stages, weather forecasts,
and soil conditions
4.Capacity check: The power of motor and solar system should be checked before using those in
the described portion of the projecy.
 References:
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347691206_Flexible_and_Automat
ed_Watering_System_Using_Solar_Energy
 https://www.elprocus.com/solar-powered-automatic-irrigation-system/
 https://electronicsworkshops.com/2020/08/12/automatic-irrigation-system-u
sing-solar-energy/
 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=htt
ps://chat.openai.com/&ved=2ahUKEwjTuYqIjZiGAxVvcWwGHbaRDpcQFnoECA
gQAQ&usg=AOvVaw139HWUX4D802zbDuJCdFg9
 https://www.scribd.com/presentation/446255621/iotppt-smart-irrigation-fin
al
 https://saif1024bd.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/ruet-monog
ram-1545x1850.png