ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE USING PYTHON
VIVEKANANDHA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES FOR
WOMEN(AUTONOMOUS)
PG AND RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS
PYTHON OPERATORS
COURSE MATERIAL TAKEN FROM NPTEL LECTURE NOTES
In this
lecture
⚫Operators and operands
⚫Different types of
operators
◦ Arithmetic
◦ Assignment
◦ Relational or comparison
◦ Logical
◦ Bitwise
⚫Precedence of operators
Python for Data Science 2
Operators and
operands
⚫Operators are special symbols
that help in carrying out an
assignment operation or
arithmetic or logical computation
⚫Value that the operator operates
on is called operand
Python for Data Science 3
Arithmetic
operators
⚫Used to perform mathematical operations between
two operands
⚫Create two variable a and b with values 10 and 5
respectively
Symbol Operation Example
+ Addition
Python for Data Science 4
Arithmetic
operators
⚫Used to perform mathematical operations between
two operands
⚫Create two variable a and b with values 10 and 5
respectively
Symbol Operation Example
+ Addition
- Subtraction
Python for Data Science 5
Arithmetic
operators
Symbol Operation Example
* Multiplication
Python for Data Science 6
Arithmetic
operators
Symbol Operation Example
* Multiplication
/ Division
Python for Data Science 7
Arithmetic
operators
Symbol Operation Example
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Remainder
Python for Data Science 8
Arithmetic
operators
Symbol Operation Example
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Remainder
** Exponent
Python for Data Science 9
Hierarchy of arithmetic
operators
Decreasing order of
Operation A = 7 – 2 x 𝟐𝟕 + 𝟒
precedence 𝟑𝟐
Parentheses ()
Exponent **
Division /
Multiplication *
Addition and subtraction +,-
Python for Data Science 10
Assignment
operators
⚫Used to assign values to
variables
Symbol Operation Example
Assign values from right side operands to
=
left side operand
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Assignment
operators
⚫Used to assign values to
variables
Symbol Operation Example
Assign values from right side operands to
=
left side operand
Adds right operand to left operand and
+=
stores result on left side operand
(a=a+b)
Python for Data Science 12
Assignment
operators
⚫Used to assign values to
variables
Symbol Operation Example
Assign values from right side operands to
=
left side operand
Adds right operand to left operand and
+=
stores result on left side operand
(a=a+b)
Subtracts right operand from left
-=
operand and stores result on left side
operand (a=a-b)
Python for Data Science 13
Assignment
operators
Symbol Operation Example
Multiplies right operand from left
*=
operand and stores result on left side
operand (a=a*b)
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Assignment
operators
Symbol Operation Example
Multiplies right operand from left
*=
operand and stores result on left side
operand (a=a*b)
Divides right operand from left operand and
/=
stores result on left side operand
(a=a/b)
Python for Data Science 15
Relational or comparison
operators
⚫ Tests numerical equalities and inequalities between two operands and returns
a boolean value
⚫ All operators have same precedence
⚫ Create two variables x and y with values 5 and 7 respectively
Symbol Operation Example
< Strictly less than
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Relational or comparison
operators
⚫ Tests numerical equalities and inequalities between two operands and returns
a boolean value
⚫ All operators have same precedence
⚫ Create two variables x and y with values 5 and 7 respectively
Symbol Operation Example
< Strictly less than
<= Less than equal to
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Relational or comparison
operators
Symbol Operation Example
> Strictly greater than
>= Greater than equal to
Python for Data Science 18
Relational or comparison
operators
Symbol Operation Example
> Strictly greater than
>= Greater than equal to
== Equal to equal to
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Relational or comparison
operators
Symbol Operation Example
> Strictly greater than
>= Greater than equal to
== Equal to equal to
!= Not equal to
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Logical
operators
⚫ Used when operands are conditional statements and returns boolean
value
⚫ In python, logical operators are designed to work with scalars or
boolean
Symbol values Operation Example
or Logical OR
Python for Data Science 21
Logical
operators
⚫ Used when operands are conditional statements and returns boolean
value
⚫ In python, logical operators are designed to work with scalars or
boolean
Symbol values Operation Example
or Logical OR
and Logical AND
Python for Data Science 22
Logical
operators
⚫ Used when operands are conditional statements and returns boolean
value
⚫ In python, logical operators are designed to work with scalars or
boolean
Symbol values Operation Example
or Logical OR
and Logical AND
not Logical NOT
Python for Data Science 23
Bitwise
operators
⚫Used when operands are
integers
⚫Integers are treated as a string
of binary digits
⚫Operates bit by bit
⚫Can also operate on conditional
statements which compare
scalar values or arrays
⚫Bitwise OR (|), A N D(&)
Python for Data Science 24
Bitwise
operators
Create two variables x and y with values 5 and 7 respectively
⚫
⚫Binary code for 5 is 0000 0101 and for 7 is 0000 0111
⚫0 corresponds to False and 1 corresponds to True
⚫In bitwise OR ( | ), operator copies a bit to the result if it
exists in either operand
⚫In bitwise A N D (& ), operator copies a bit to the result if it
exists in both operands
Python for Data Science 25
Bitwise OR on
integers
Code and output in
console
Binary code for 5 Binary code for 7
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
⚫0 present in corresponding positions, therefore resultant
cell is also 0
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Bitwise OR on
integersBinary code for 5 Binary code for 7
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 1
⚫0 present in positions 2-5, therefore resultant cell
will also contain 0
⚫In the 6th position, 1 is present in both operands
and hence resultant will also contain 1
Python for Data Science 27
Bitwise OR on
integers
⚫The 7th position has 0 in the first operand and 1 in the
second Binary code for 5 Binary code for 7
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
⚫Since this is an OR operator, only the True condition is
considered
0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Binary code for 5 Binary code for 7
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
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Bitwise
operators
⚫Bitwise operators can also operate on
conditional statements
Symbol Operation Example
| Bitwise OR
Python for Data Science 29
Bitwise
operators
⚫Bitwise operators can also operate on
conditional statements
Symbol Operation Example
| Bitwise OR
& Bitwise AND
Python for Data Science 30
Precedence of
operators
Decreasing order
Operation
of precedence
Parentheses ()
Exponent **
Division /
Multiplication *
Addition
+,-
and
subtraction
Bitwise AND &
Python for Data Science 31
Precedence of
operators
Decreasing order
Operation
of precedence
Bitwise OR |
Relational/
==, !=, >, >=, <,
compariso
<=
n
operators
Logical NOT not
Logical AND and
Logical OR or
Python for Data Science 32
Summar
y ⚫
Important
operators
◦ Arithmetic
◦ Assignment
◦ Relational
◦ Logical
◦ Bitwise
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THANK YOU
