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    Synthesis of Fatty Acid

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    Awmtei OM I

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    Synthesis of Fatty Acid

    Uploaded by

    Awmtei OM I
    2 views15 pages

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2 views15 pages

    Synthesis of Fatty Acid

    Uploaded by

    Awmtei OM I

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    Synthesis of Fatty Acid

    Synthesis of fatty acids


    • Long chain saturated fatty acids are synthesized in plants from active two
    carbon units: acetyl CoA (CH3CO.CoA).
    • Although reactions of Beta-oxidation of FA are reversible, the fatty acids are
    not formed simply by the reverse reaction of Beta-oxidation.
    • Synthesis of FA from CH3CO.CoA takes place step by step. In each step the FA
    chain increased by two carbon atoms.
    • In plants FA synthesis occurs in Plastid (chloroplast).
    • Acetyl CoA, ATP and NADPH are necessary for biosynthesis of Saturated
    Fatty Acids.
    Steps involved in Biosynthesis of Saturated Fatty acids:

    • Acetyl Coenzyme A:
    • Synthesis of Malonyl Coenzyme A:
    • Fatty Acid Synthase Complex (FASC) Dimer:
    • Steps in Biosynthesis of Saturated Fatty acids:
    • Fatty Acid Elongation:
    Acetyl Coenzyme A (CH3CO.CoA )
    • Coenzyme A consists of and chain made up
    of ADP, pantothenic acid, and
    triethanolamine, with an H2S group on the
    end which binds the acetate group of acetyl
    CoA.
    • Acetyl CoA is produced in the matrix of the
    mitochondria, but fatty acid biosynthesis
    occurs in the Plastid.
    • ACC is normally present as a tetrameric
    protomer (inactive form). The active form
    is the large polymer, which is favored by
    citrate binding and inhibited by malonyl
    and palmitoyl CoAs
    Synthesis of Malonyl CoA
    • In the first reaction which takes place in
    the presence of acetyl-CoA carboxylase
    (ACC) combine with CO2 to form malonyl-
    CoA (3 Carbon containing acid).
    • ATP provide energy; Mn++ and biotin are
    required as co-factors.
    Synthesis of Butyryl CoA
    • Malonyl Co-A reacts with another molecule of CH3CO.CoA in the presence of Fatty acid
    synthase (FAS) and NADPH2 to form Coenzyme-A derivative of butric acid (4 cabons).
    • One moleculse of CO2, H2O and CoA are released with NADPH2 is oxidized in the reaction.
    • Butyryl CoA, in the next step will combine with malonyl CoA to for CoA derivative of fatty acid
    containing 6-C atoms.
    • This process is repeated till Coenzyme-A derivative of long chain fatty acid (C16-C18) is
    produced.

    Fatty acid synthase


    Fatty Acid Synthase
    • FAS is not simple but a complex of many enzymes (multienzyme
    complex) and an acyl carrier protein called ACP.
    • Reaction second in previous slide only summarises a number of
    reactions involved in the synthesis of fatty acids from acetyl Co-A and
    malonyl Co-A.
    • Reactions can be grouped under 3 categories:
    • Initiation Reaction
    • Chain elongation reaction
    • Termination Reaction
    Fatty Acid Synthesis
    Initiation Reaction
    • In this reaction Acetyl Co-A transfers its acetyl group to one of the –SH groups of multienzyme
    complex i.e. Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS)

    HS HS
    CH3CO.SCoA Enz Enz + Co.ASH
    +
    HS CH3Co.A
    Chain Elongation Reaction

    I. Malonyl Transfer
    II. Condensation
    III. Reduction
    IV. Dehydration
    V. Reduction
    VI. Acyl transfer
    Chain Elongation Reaction
    Chain elongation start with the transfer of malonyl group from malonyl-CoA to second –SH group
    of multienzyme complex.

    In acyl transfer reaction the fatty acid residue is transferred back to the –SH group to which the acetyl
    group was transferred in initiation reaction.

    The cycle is repeated again and again with malonyl transfer, condensation etc. till the fatty acid residue
    consists of upto 16-18 atoms. Each such turne elongate fatty acid chain by 2-C atoms.
    Chain Elongation Reaction
    Termination reaction
    • When fatty acid residue has attend desired length the chain elongation stops at reaction v and
    cycle is not repeated.
    • The acyl group instead of being transferred to the –SH of the enzyme is transferred to –SH group
    of Co-enzyme A (CoASH) molecule.
    • Thus CoA derivate of fatty acid is produced which can then be used in fat synthesis. The enzyme
    becomes free.

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