UNDERGROUND WORKS

 The under ground works are generally not effected

by the vagaries of weather and work has, thus, been
planned to continue throughout the year.

 Underground works are normally planned for three

shift working as these involve cyclic operations
which do not follow normal shift operation.
 TUNNEL BORING MACHINE

ADVANTAGES
• FASTER RATE OF EXCAVATION
• ROUND SMOOTH UNSHATTERED BORE
• REDUCES OVERBREAKS
• LESS CONCRETE FOR LINING
• ADJACENT GROUND NOT DISTURBED

DIS- ADVANTAGES
• HIGH CAPITAL COST & COST OF CUTTERS
• DESIGNED FOR FIXED DIAMETER
• ECONOMICAL FOR LONG TUNNELS
• NOT SUITABLE IN WIDELY VARYING STRATA
• FOR CIRCULAR TUNNELS ONLY
 TUNNEL BORING MACHINE

 FULL
 FULL DIA.
DIA. TBMs
TBMs DEPLOYED
DEPLOYED FORFOR 2.5
2.5 m
m TO
TO 88 mm DIA.
DIA. TUNNELS
TUNNELS
 POSSIBLE
 POSSIBLE MODIFICATION
MODIFICATION IN
IN DIAMETER
DIAMETER :: ++ 15
15 TO
TO 20%
20%
 LIFE
 LIFE OF
OF MACHINE
MACHINE :: 25
25 TO
TO 40
40 KMs
KMs CWC/CMO/588
TUNNEL BORING MACHINE 1.
1. Cutter
2.
Cutter head
head
2. Hydraulically
Hydraulically
(SCHEMATIC) adjustable
adjustable
jacket
jacket with
with
jacket
jacket extension
extension
3.
3. Lining
Lining
installation
installation and
and
transporting
transporting
system
system
4.
4. Inner
Inner kelly
kelly
5.
5. 2-part
2-part outer
outer
kelly
kelly with
with
clamping
clamping shield
shield
and
and adjusting
adjusting
cylinders
cylinders
6.
6. Advance
Advance
cylinders
cylinders
7.
7. Cutter
Cutter head
head
drive
drive
8.
8. Rear
Rear support
support
9.
9. Belt
Belt conveyer
conveyer
10.
10. Anchor
Anchor drilling
drilling
rig
rig
CWC/CMO/589
 PORTAL CONSTRUCTION

 Common excavation, that is, earth and boulders in over burden, to be excavated
with 2 cum hydraulic excavator and 320 hp class dozer with ripper attachment.

 Excavation in rock will be done by drilling and blasting for which track
drills/heavy duty jack hammers are proposed to be used.

 Disposal of excavated material in both the cases shall be done with 2 cum
hydraulic excavator and 18t rear dumpers combination

 Slope stabilisation using shotcrete machine and anchoring by hydraulic drill rig.

 Portal concreting by using portable concrete mixers with weigh batchers.

 HRT EXCAVATION
 Drilling of the top heading by means of two 2 booms hydraulic drill jumbos
equipped with man-basket.

 Driving of each round variable according to the Class of rock (approx. 3.5 m
for the Class I, 3.0 m for the Class II & III, 2.0 m for the rock Class IV and 1.5
m for the Class V & Multi drift method for Class VI).

 Number of holes per round for the excavation of the top heading (including
those necessary for carrying out the smooth blasting along the peripheral
surface) ranging respectively from 115 to 125 according to the rock
characteristics.

 Charging operations of explosive executed by means of man baskets and firing

of the rounds using gelatin dynamite, and nonel detonators.

CONTD...
 HRT EXCAVATION

 Loading of the muck resulting from the top-heading blasting, by 2.5 cum wheel loader with side
dump bucket.

 Transport of the muck to the spoil area by rear dump trucks with a payload capacity of 18 T.

 Shotcrete with the help of 10-15 cum capacity wet shotcrete machine with robot arm.

 Rockbolting by fully mechanised rock bolting rig.

 Drilling of the benching by the same tunneling jumbo used for the top heading, supplemented
with hydraulic crawler mounted drill rigs working downward from the top heading platform.

 For mucking operation during benching cycle, same set of equipment used in case of heading,
would be deployed
 SURGE SHAFT EXCAVATION
PILOT SHAFT OF 2.5 M

 Drilling of charge holes by two stopper drills deployed over the platform of the
raise climber.

 Charging the holes by operators stationed over the platform

 Blasting after positioning the raise climber in the horizontal tunnel at the bottom.

 Defuming by spraying a mixture of air and water carried through mono rail of
raise climber.

 Removal of muck at bottom by deploying 2.5 cum capacity side dump loader with
18 T dumper.
CWC/CMO/578
 SURGE SHAFT EXCAVATION
WIDENING OF SHAFT

 Drilling of charge holes by jack hammers after covering the pilot hole with a steel
baffle plate to ensure safety for the crew.

 Drilling length to be controlled to produce funnel profile to facilitate flow of blasted

material towards pilot shaft.

 Pushing of remaining blasted material through pilot shaft manually by hand shovel.

 Removal of muck at bottom of pilot shaft by deploying 2.5 cum capacity side dump
loader with 18 T dumper.

 Rockbolting and shotcreting as per design parameters.

CWC/CMO/578
 -: Index :-
 Introduction
 Components
 Construction
 Problems in construction
 Conclusion
 Reference
THE SUBMERGED FLOATING TUNNEL

The submerged floating tunnel is

an innovative concept for
crossing waterways, utilizing the
law of buoyancy to support the
structure at a moderate and
convenient depth. The tube like
structure is flexible with respect
to cross section, length and water
depth. It can be held in place by
columns, sea anchors.
 Introduction :-
 Need of Tunnel
 Route of Tunnel
WHY FLOATING

 The reason is, as we can see

in the longitudinal section of
Atlantic Ocean from New
York to London, it can be
observed that depth from place
to place on a great extent.
 Component of Tunnel :-
 Gasket
 Sea Anchors
 Vacuum pumps
 Utility conduit
 Service port
 Guide ways
 Maglev train
Gasket :-
 It is made of 4 layers.
Outermost layer is
constructed of aluminium
to resist the salty sea
water. Second and third
layer is made of the foam
to float the tunnel easily
in water. Fourth layer is
of concrete which gives
strength to the tunnel.
Sea Anchors :-

 First, ropes are attached

to a block and this block
is inserted in sea bed
water come out from top
and forms a hydrostatics
seal which holds the
block firmly in sea bed.
Vacuum Pumps :-

 The train is running with

such a thrilling speed of
5000 mph in the tunnel.
The air resistance is too
high on such a high
speed. Therefore to
reduce it and increase the
speed of train, vacuum is
created in tunnel.
Utility Conduit :-
 The tunnel is powered by
electrically which should
be available for entire
length of tunnel. These
electrical wires are
carried out through utility
conduits.
Maglev Train :-
 Maglev trains are used to
attain the required speed.
Maglev trains are
commonly known as
bullet train. These are
magnetically leviated
trains. These trains do not
run over the track but
floats slightly above the
track.
Placing of Units:-
 Problems in Construction :-
 Cost of construction
 Fire
 Collision
 Impact of any object
 Conclusion :-
 The tunnel will set new trends in transportation
engineering. A trans-Atlantic tunnel nothing on a
earth is compare to it's massive scale, everything
from great wall of china to Egyptian pyramid. Yet
despite its staggering cost and technical challenges
visionary are believe that it might happen.
 What we forget is how far we already come, the
thing we granted today will considerable
unimaginable yesterday. It seem to all collective
destiny to turn today's impossibilities into tomorrows
realty.