Selecting the proper retrofit method Optimizing cost among alternatives Feasibility of work procedure. Feasibility of work procedure
Minimum disturbance of existing floor plan
Selecting the proper retrofit method Optimizing cost among alternatives Feasibility of work procedure. Feasibility of work procedure
3 3 Retrofit Design
Concept of Retrofitti ng:
Upgrading strength or ducti lity Upgrading both strength and ducti lity together Retrofit Design
Concept of Retrofitti ng:
Upgrading strength or ducti lity Upgrading both strength and ducti lity together Chapter 1: General
General Principle: Proposed manual is prepared to supplement Japanese Standard incorporati ng BNBC 2020 and Characteristi cs of RC Building in Bangladesh.
Proposed manual narrates the evaluati on methods
with explanati ons according to J. Standard with examples from actual buildings in Bangladesh.
Scope of This Manual:
Only reinforced concrete structure. Concrete strength not less than 9 MPa. Main structural element of building. 6 6 Chapter 2: Building Inspection
Preliminary inspection:
-To check the applicability of this standard.
Detail Inspection:
-Compare the current status of the building with design drawing.
-Cross-sectional dimensions for calculation of strength of members.
-Cracking and deterioration in concrete and deflection of structure for
evaluation of time index.
-Building configuration for evaluation of irregularity index.
-Inspection of Ground and geographical feature of the site.
-Material inspection. 7 7 Chapter 3: Seismic capacity index of structure An index represents the seismic performance of a structure. C Seismic demand Seismic Index of Structure, Is = C × F × SD × T index curve Strength index C = Strength index= Qu/W F F = Ductility Index SD = Irregularity index ≤ 1 C T = Time Index ≤ 1 Qu= Ultimate strength Ductility index F W = Weight on vertical member C index F index
Where: Ry = Yield deformation angle =1/150. Min{Qmu ,Qsu}→Qu R250 = Standard inter-story drift angle, Qsu=Shear capacity from Shear rebar R250 = 1/250. Qmu=Flexural capacity Rmu = Ultimate Inter-story drift angle 8 8 Chapter 4: Judgment index of structure Seismic demand index , Iso = 2/3 × Z × I × Cs Z = Zone co-efficient I = Structural importance factor Cs = Normalized acceleration response spectrum, which is a function of structural period and soil type
Seismic demand index has been incorporated in this manual according
to seismic parameters of BNBC 2020. Seismic demand index depends on local seismicity, sub-soil Conditi on and structural period.
9 Seismic Index VS Judgment index
Judgment of Seismic safety
IS >IS0 : Safe IS <IS0 : Uncertain
Seismic Index of Structure, Is = C × F × SD × T Seismic demand index, Iso =2/3 × Z × I × Cs
C = Strength index Z = Zone co-efficient F = Ductility Index I = Structural importance factor SD = Irregularity index Cs = Normalized acceleration response T = Time Index. spectrum, which is a function of structural period and soil type 10 10 Supplement : Proposed ductility index F related to axial force ratio Ductility index of column with high axial force ratio is evaluated by the experiment N=Axal Force
FC=Concrete strength
N/(b⸳D⸳FC)>0.4 :Low ductility column
F= 1.27 is calculated (Ry= approx.1/100 with axial force ratio=0.44 at specimen 2012-No.5) (Rmu=approx.1/100 with axial force ratio=0.44 at specimen No.1) 11 11 Simplified(SE) and Advanced Simplified(ASE) Evaluation Seismic index Shear strength, Qu = τ× Σ Ac , h0=Clear height of column IBS= CBSXFB x SD x T τ = 0.7 MPa , if h0/D > 6 D=Depth of column CBS = Strength index = Qu/W = 1.0 MPa, if h0/D≤ 6 τ : average shear strength FB = Ductility Index = R/Ω Judgment IBS ≧ IBSO : Higher than seismic demand (Rank SA) W =Weight on vertical member. 0.5IBSO≦ IBS ＜ IBSO ： Lower than seismic demand (Rank SB) R & Ω is taken from BNBC2020 IBS ＜ 0.5IBSO ： Remarkably lower than seismic demand (Rank SC) Service load index = IBD = W/ΣAc Where, W = Total service load at ground floor (N) ΣAc = Total column area at ground floor(mm2) Judgment for gravity load: IBD ＜ 0.4Fc : Higher than gravity load capacity demand (Rank DA) 0.4Fc ≦IBD ≦0.7Fc : Lower than gravity load capacity demand (Rank DB) 0.7Fc ＜ IBD : Remarkably lower than gravity load capacity demand (Rank DC)
SE based on available drawing and ASE based on modified data after preliminary s 12 field investigation Capacity Rank and Recommendation from SE and ASE Start IBS= Seismic Index Calculate IBS, IBD IBSO= Seismic Demand Index IBD= Service load Index Calculate IBS0, IBD0 IBDO= Service load Demand Index EBS= Basic Seismic Index Final Capacity Rank Judgment: Service Load Capacity Rank IBS ≧ IBS0? NO DA DB DC &
Seismic Capacity Rank
SA I II III IBD ≧ IBD0 ? Detail Evaluation SB II II III YES May be safe SC III III III
End Final Capacity Rank and Recommendation
Final Capacity I :MayRank be safeand Recommendation II :Detail evaluation recommended I: May Be safe III:Immediately detail evaluation recommended II: Detail Evaluation Recommendation III: Immediate Detail Evaluation Recommendation 13 Supplement: Seismic Evaluation Example Ten Storied Offi ce Building Expansion Joint
Left Side Center Right Side
Block Block Block
X Evaluation Result Level Level 10 I S0=0.285 10 CTU⸱SD =0.15 Only left side block is evaluated 9 9
8 8
7 7
Assessment have to 6 6
5 5
4 4 performed in both 3
directi on at every fl oor
3
2 2
IS 1 1 C TS D 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 14 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Special Issue addressed in Manual N=Axal Force
FC=Concrete strength
N/(b⸳D⸳FC)>0.4 :Low ductility column
Upper limit of deflection angle of flexural column cRmax
R =min{cRmax(n), cRmax(s), cRmax(t), cRmax(b), cRmax(h), cRmax(p), cRmax(a), cRmax(B)} c max
n: axial force s: shear force t: tensile reinforcement ratio b: spacing of hoop
h: clear height p: beam-column joint a: anchor length b: clear height with brick wall 15 16 17 The project SATREPS-TSUIB, which started in 2016, proposes evaluation methods through structural experiments on the seismic performance problems of buildings. In this revision, this information is specified in the related items so that the contents can be easily referred to.
CNCRP: Project for Capacity Development on Natural
Disaster Resistant Techniques of Construction and Retrofitting for Public Buildings (CNCRP) SATREPS: Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) SATREPS is a JST and JICA program for research projects targeting global issues and involving partnerships between researchers in Japan and developing countries. TSUIB: Technical Development to Upgrade Structural Integrity of Buildings in Densely Populated Urban Areas and Its Strategic Implementation towards Resilient Cities in Bangladesh (TSUIB)
18 Time Index
Level-0
Level-I
Level-II
Level-III
Level-IV
BSPP TRAINING PROGRAMM 19
Irregularity Index
Irregularity Index covers:
1. Regularity 2. Aspect ratio of plan 3. Expansion joint 4. Underground floor 5. Story height uniformity 6. Soft story 7. Eccentricity 8. Stiffness/mass ratio
Irregularity Index (SD) ≤ 1.0
BSPP TRAINING PROGRAMM 20
Updates Included in latest edition
Seismic Demand Index and others codal issue as per BNBC 2020
Appendix 1: Simplifi ed Structural Evaluati on(SE)
Appendix 2: Advanced Simplifi ed Structural Evaluati on(ASE)
21 Seismic Demand Index(Iso) Cs = Normalized acceleration response spectrum, which is a function of structural period and soil type The response reduction factor or above equation can be subdivided into ductility reduction factor Rd and over-strength factor, Ω. i.e. R =Rd × The ductility reduction factor, Rd is the ratio between elastic force capacity and force at structural yield level. According to Japanese standard this Rd is expressed as ductility index F. The other parameter over-strength factor Ω include design over-strength, material over- strength and system over-strength.
Schizophyllum commune-derived Chitin Glucan Complex Wound Dressing: Antibacterial Activity and Wound Healing Properties in a Second Degree Burn Animal Model
Schizophyllum commune-derived Chitin Glucan Complex Wound Dressing: Antibacterial Activity and Wound Healing Properties in a Second Degree Burn Animal Model
