Avishi
Avishi
Avishi
SUBMITTED BY : SUBMITTED TO :
NAME – AVISHI MR.SUMIT KUMAR
ROLL NO – 504
CLASS – XII A
CONTENTS
Agriculture
- Land Reforms-
-Technical Reforms HYV Technology and Green Revolution
Industry:-
-Public and Private Sectors in Indian Industrial Development-
-Industrial Policy Resolution (1956)
-Small Scale Industry
Trade:-
- Strategy of Import Substitution
Salient Features of Growth Strategy during the Period 1950-1990 and its Good and Bad Effects
LAND REFORMS
Land reform means equity in agriculture that also means the shift in the
ownership of landholdings. Land reform normally relates to the
redistribution of land from the rich to the poor. It involves a control of
operation, ownership, sales, leasing, and inheritance of land.
This structure includes the land tenure system, farm organisation, the
pattern of cultivation, the scale of the farm operation, the terms of
tenancy, and the system of rural credit, marketing, and education. It also
deals with advanced technology.
HYV TECHNOLOGY AND GREEN REVOLUTION
The slack in agriculture was destroyed by the green revolution. This means
there was a large improvement in the production of agricultural grains by
the use of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, notably for wheat and rice.
The proper growth of these seeds needed the right amounts of manure and
pesticide as well as the constant supply of water. All these utilisations had to
be in correct proportions.
Later from the mid-1970s to mid-1980s, the green revolution was shifted to
a large number of states. This revolution made India a self-sufficient
country in food grains.
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS IN INDIAN INDUSTRIAL
DEVELOPMENT-
Industrial Policy Resolution, 1956 was a clear declaration of government on the leading role of the
government in the process of industrialisation.
Industrial Concessions.
To complement the efforts of industrial development, India adopted the strategy of import substitution during the
Period 1950-1990. It is also called 'Inward Looking Strategy.
Import substitution is a strategy under trade policy that abolishes the import of
foreign products and encourages production in the domestic market. The
purpose of this policy is to change the economic structure of the country by
replacing foreign goods with domestic goods.
Principal features of the growth strategy during the period 1950-1990 were as follows:
(i) Public enterprises were to play a central role in the process of industrialization.
(ii) Private enterprises were to play only a secondary role in the process of industrialization and that too under
Permit-Lisence Raj.
(iii) Process of industrialization focused on 'import substitution Implying that the production of such goods was to
be accorded a high priority which were imported from rest of the world.
(iv) As far as possible, domestic industry was to be protected from foreign competition. It was realised that
protection would foster the growth of the domestic industry.
(v) Large-scale industry was to be developed with a view to building an infrastructural base in the country.
(vi) Small-scale industry was to be developed with a view to achieving the objectives of employment and equity.
GOOD AND BAD EFFECTS
GOOD EFFECTS
BAD EFFECTS