Scribd
Upload
5 views

DDL DML Commands

Uploaded by

orangecreations00
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

DDL DML Commands

Uploaded by

orangecreations00
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Constraint : A constraint is a condition or check applicable on a field or a set of

fields.

SQL Constraints
1. NOT NULL : Ensures that a column cannot have NULL value.
2. Primary Key : Used to uniquely identify a row in the table.
Creating Databases
Create database [If not Exists] <database name>;

E.g, create database abc;

Opening Databases
Use <databasename>

e.g., use abc;

Removing Databases
Drop database <databasename>;

E.g, drop database abc;


Data Definition Language(DDL) Commands
1. Create
2. Alter
3. Drop
Creating tables:
Syntax:
Create table <tablename>(<columnname><datatype>[(<size>)],
<columnname><datatype>(<size>)) …..);

e.g.,
Create table student(Sname varchar(10) not null,GRNO int primary key, Class int
not null, Section char(2));
To view the structure of the table
Desc <tablename>;

E.g., desc student;


ALTER TABLE Command
In MySQL SQL, Alter Table command is used :
1. To add a new column
2. To modify an existing column(datatype, size, default value)
Add a new column
Syntax : ALTER TABLE <tablename> ADD <columnname> <datatype> [(size)]
[<constraint>]

E.g., Alter table Empl add tel_no int;

Modify an existing column


Syntax : ALTER TABLE <tablename> MODIFY <columnname> <new datatype>
[(new size)] [FIRST | AFTER column];

E.g., Alter table Empl modify job char(30);


Dropping a table from database
Syntax : DROP TABLE <tablename>;
E.g., drop table student;
Data Manipulation Language Commands:
1. Insert
2. Update
3. Delete
Insert Data into Table
Syntax1 : INSERT INTO <tablename> VALUES(<value1>, <value2>, ….>)
Remember string and date data should be put inside single quotes and number data
to write without quotes.

Syntax2 : INSERT INTO <tablename>(<col1>,<col2>,…) values(<val1>,<val2>,


…);

E.g., INSERT INTO Employee values(1, ’Din’, ‘Joseph’, ‘Jdim’, 5000);

INSERT INTO Employee(ID, FirstName, LastName, UserID, Salary) values(2,


’Jagannath’, ‘Mishra’, ‘jnmishra’, 4000);
Insert NULL values
To insert value NULL in a specific column, you can type NULL without quotes and
NULL will be inserted in that column.

Inserting Dates
The format to insert date is ‘yyyy-mm-dd’.
Modifying Data with UPDATE command
• Sometimes you need to change some or all of the values in an existing column.
This can be done using UPDATE command.
• The UPDATE command specifies the rows to be changed using the WHERE
clause, and the new data using the SET keyword.
Syntax: UPDATE <tablename> SET <columnname>=<new value> WHERE
<condition>;
Here condition is optional.
Deleting data from table using DELETE Command
• Rows can be removed from the given table using DELETE command.
• This command will remove the entire rows which satisfy the given condition,
not selected fields from the table.
Syntax : DELETE FROM <tablename> WHERE <condition>;
Condition is optional.

You might also like