UNIT 7

PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Prepared by: Vuyo S Katiya

 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT

7.1 INTRODUCTION
Every project has an expected level of quality for the project deliverables. This can be achieved through project management (application of skills ,
tools and techniques to satisfy stakeholders).
7,1 PROJECT QUALITY
Project quality is defined as a characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs (Kloppenborg et al.
2018:392).
Project management institute (PMI) defines quality as the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfil requirements.
7.1.1 DIMENSIONS OF QUALITY
Performance
Features
Reliability
Conformance
Durability
Serviceability
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Perceived quality
 7.2 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Project quality management (PQM) is the process of determining quality policies, objectives and responsibilities so that the project will satisfy
the needs for which it was undertaken. This is the process of implementing policies and procedures in a project context.

This process assures that the project activities necessary to design, plan and implement a project are effective and efficient with respect to
the purpose of the objectives and its performance. It starts at the beginning of the project.

7.2 PROJECT QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROCESS

There are three quality management process:

1)Quality planning
2)Quality assurance
3)Quality control

7.2.1 QUALITY PLANNING

Quality planning is a process of identifying which quality standards are relevant to the project and determine how to satisfy them. It is the
foundation of our quality management system, encompassing the development of strategies and methodologies to meet customer
expectations.
This involves testing methods, checklist, inspections, verifications etc.

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 CONTINUES……………
Quality management plan involves:

Quality policy: direction of the organization in terms of quality targets and goals)

Setting Quality Objectives: Establishing clear, measurable goals for quality that align with the overall project or organizational objectives

Identifying Quality Standards: Determining the specific quality criteria that the project or product must meet, often based on industry
standards, regulations, or customer expectations.

Defining Processes and Procedures: Developing detailed procedures and methodologies for how quality will be managed throughout the
project lifecycle, from planning and design to implementation and testing.

Responsible: participants, reporting chain, responsibilities

Allocating Resources: Ensuring that adequate resources, including personnel, time, and budget, are allocated to support quality assurance
activities.

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 QUALITY ASSURENCE

This is the process of auditing the quality requirements and the results from quality control measurements to ensure the appropriate quality
standards are used. It is a planned and systematic activity implemented in a quality system to provide confidence that the project will satisfy
the relevant quality standards.

Quality assurance can be defined as a systematic process implemented within an organization to ensure that products or services meet
specified quality standards and requirements.

Quality assurance can be:

Internal
External

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 QUALITY CONTROL

Quality control involves monitoring project results to determine if they comply with relevant standards and identify ways to
eliminate causes of unsatisfactory results. Quality control is performed by quality control department.

Quality control (QC) is a set of processes and activities implemented within an organization to ensure that products or services
meet specified quality standards and requirements.

This process evaluates if the project or product has conformed with the required conditions as determined by the
specifications.

Quality control defines the method of inspection (testing), in process inspection and final inspection to confirm the product
has met the required conditions.
QUALITY CONTROL PROCES

Inspection and Testing: Performing inspections, tests, and evaluations at various stages of production to identify defects,
deviations from specifications, or other quality issues.

Sampling: Sampling techniques are often used to select representative samples from a production batch for inspection and
testing, allowing for efficient quality control without examining every individual unit.

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 CONTIN………………

Quality Criteria: Establishing specific quality criteria and acceptance thresholds based on predetermined standards and
specifications.

Corrective Action: Taking appropriate corrective actions, such as rework, repair, or rejection of non-conforming products,
when defects are identified to ensure that only products meeting quality standards are released to customers.

Feedback Loop: Providing feedback to production processes based on quality control findings to address root causes of defects
and prevent their recurrence.

Documentation: Maintaining records of quality control activities, inspection results, and corrective actions taken for
traceability and continuous improvement purposes.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN QA AND QC

Quality Assurance (QA): QA focuses on preventing defects and errors before they occur by establishing processes, standards,
and guidelines to ensure that products or services meet or exceed customer expectations. It emphasizes proactive planning
and continuous improvement to maintain consistent quality throughout the entire product or service lifecycle.

Quality Control (QC): QC, on the other hand, is concerned with detecting and correcting defects during or after the production
process. It involves activities such as inspection, testing, and evaluation to identify deviations from quality standards and
ensure that only products or services meeting specified requirements are released to customers.

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 FOCUS AREAS OF QA and QC

Quality Assurance (QA): QA focuses on the entire process of delivering a product or service, from planning and design to
implementation and delivery. It emphasizes establishing effective processes, training personnel, and implementing quality
management systems to prevent defects and ensure quality at every stage.

Quality Control (QC): QC focuses specifically on the inspection, testing, and evaluation of products or services to identify
defects and deviations from quality standards. It involves monitoring and verifying the quality of outputs and taking corrective
actions when necessary to ensure that quality requirements are met.

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