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    Encephalitis

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    mishraamish07

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    Encephalitis

    Uploaded by

    mishraamish07
    12 views10 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    12 views10 pages

    Encephalitis

    Uploaded by

    mishraamish07

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    ENCEPHALITIS

    Medical Surgical Nursing


    By
    Introduction:

    It is an acute inflammation of the brain. This is mostly caused by viral


    infection and can cause severe problems to nervous system. Encephalitis more
    serious than meningitis.Encephalitis with meningitis is called as
    meningoencephalitis. there are two types primary encephalitis occur due to
    virus and secondary encephalitis occurs first somewhere else in body and
    finally spread to the brain.
    Definition:
    An inflammation of brain parenchyma or brain tissue is known as encephalitis.
    Causes:

    ● Lead, arsenic or carbon monoxide toxicity


    ● Infection, e.g., typhoid fever, measles , chickenpox
    ● Auto immune
    ● Viral
    - Arbo virus -Herpes simplex
    - Rabies virus
    Risk factors :

    ● Age: some of insects are more common or more severe in certain age groups,
    in general, young children and older adults are at greater risk to most type of
    viral encephalitis.
    ● Weekend immune system: people who have HIV/AIDS take immuno
    suppressing drugs or have another condition causing a weekend immune
    system are at increased risk of encephalitis
    ● Geographical region: (mosquito or tick borne region)
    ● Season of the year: mosquito or tick borne diseases and to be more common
    in summers in many areas of US
    Clinical manifestation :

    ● Fever ● Photophobia
    ● Bizarre behaviour
    ● Confusion ● Ataxia
    ● Aphasia
    ● In voluntary movement
    ● Nausea
    ● Stiffness of neck
    ● Neurological deficit
    ● Motor weakness
    ● Memory loss
    ● Seizures
    ● Stupor and coma
    ● Motor involvement
    ● Headache
    Diagnostic evaluations:
    ● Physical examination
    ● Brain biopsy
    ● EEG
    ● MRI
    ● LP(Lumber puncture) to evaluation of CSF.

    Management :
    Medical management :
    ● Anti viral drug - acyclovir I.V.
    ● Anti-convulsant for seizures
    ● Diuretics to reduce ICP.
    Nursing management:
    ● Maintain adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration, but avoid fluid overload
    that may increase cerebral edema.
    ● Maintain adequate nutrition. Give small, frequent meals, or supplement meals,
    with nasogastric tube or parental feedings
    ● To prevent constipation and minimise the risk of increased ICP, resulting from
    straining at stool, provide a mild laxative or stool softener
    ● Provide comfort position to patient
    ● Provide mouth care frequently
    ● Maintain a quite environment. Darkening the room may decrease headache.
    ● During seizures , take precaution to protect him from injuries.
    ● Monitor and record intake and output.
    ● If the patient become delirious or confused, try to re-orient him often.
    ● Teach the patient and his family about the disease and its effects.
    Thank you

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