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    Reactivity of Benzene

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    Dhaval Telang

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    Reactivity of Benzene

    Uploaded by

    Dhaval Telang
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    7 views23 pages

    Reactivity of Benzene

    Uploaded by

    Dhaval Telang

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Reactivity of Benzene

    Examples of activating groups in the relative order from Examples of deactivating groups in the relative order from
    the most activating group to the least activating: the most deactivating to the least deactivating:
    -NH2, -NR2 > -OH, -OR> -NHCOR> -CH3 and other alkyl groups -NO2, -CF3> -COR, -CN, -CO2R, -SO3H > Halogens
    The order of reactivity among Halogens from the more reactive (least deactivating substituent) to the least
    reactive (most deactivating substituent) halogen is:

    F> Cl > Br > I

    Halogens are deactivating substituents, which is to say that the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution is
    lowered when a halogen replaces hydrogen (H) as a substituent. This reflects their high electronegativity,
    withdrawing electron density from the ring.
    It is interesting to note, however, that despite having the highest
    electronegativity, fluorine is actually the most activating of the
    halogens (the other halogens are relatively similar in their deactivating
    powers). This can be attributed to the better orbital overlap of the
    fluorine sp3 orbitals with the 2p orbitals of the pi system.

    Also the size of the halogen effects the reactivity of the benzene ring
    that the halogen is attached to. As the size of the halogen increase,
    the reactivity of the ring decreases.
    Another example of deactivating but ortho-para directing group is Nitroso group

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