GOOD

MORNING!
SCIENCE 7
Quarter 1
 TOPICS IN SCIENCE:
 Components of Scientific Investigation
 Elements and Compound
 Substances and Mixtures
 Properties of solution
 Concentration of Solutions
CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTIONS
SOLUTE + SOLVENT = SOLUTION
Concentration is the measure of how
much a given substance is mixed with
another substance.
Concentration of Solution

Quantitative Qualitative
measurement observation
CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTIONS
Concentration of solutions may be
expressed quantitatively in terms of
percentage by mass and percentage by
volume.
 PERCENT BY MASS
𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆 𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 %= × 100= × 100
𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆+𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

Note: Each mass must be expressed in the same

units to determine the proper concentration.
 PERCENT BY MASS
Example 1:
What is the percent by mass
of a salt solution by dissolving
11g of salt in 80g of solutions?
Example 1:
What is the percent by mass of a salt
solution by dissolving 11g of salt in 80g of
solutions?
Given: 11g – mass solute
80g – mass solution
What is asked: percent by mass
Formula: 𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 %= ×100
𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

PERCENT BY MASS
Example 1:
What is the percent by mass of a salt solution by
dissolving 11g of salt in 80g of solutions?
Given: 11g – mass solute
80g – mass solution
Solution: 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 %= 𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆 ×100
𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝟏𝟏 𝒈
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 %= ×100
𝟖𝟎 𝒈
¿ 0.1375 × 100
¿ 𝟏𝟑 . 𝟕𝟓 %
PERCENT BY MASS
 PERCENT BY MASS
Example 2:
What is the percent by mass
concentration of a sugar solution that
contains 8g of sugar dissolved in 15g
of water?
Example 2:
What is the percent by mass
concentration of a sugar solution that
contains 8g of sugar dissolved in 15g of
water?
Given: 8g – mass solute
15g – mass solvent
What is Asked: percent by mass
𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆
Formula:𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 %= 𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ×100

PERCENT BY MASS
Example 2:
What is the percent by mass concentration of a sugar
solution that contains 8g of sugar dissolved in 15g of water?
Given: 8g – mass solute
15g – mass solvent
Solution: 𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 %= ×100
𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝟖𝒈
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 %= × 100
𝟐𝟑 𝒈
¿ 0.3478 × 100
¿ 𝟑𝟒 . 𝟕𝟖 %
PERCENT BY MASS
 PERCENT BY MASS
Example 3:
How many grams of sodium
chloride are present in a 250ml salt
solution containing 9% sodium
chloride?
Example 3:
How many grams of sodium chloride are
present in a 250ml salt solution containing 9%
sodium chloride?
Given: 250ml – salt solution
9% - percent concentration
What is asked: mass of solute
Formula: 𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 %= ×100
𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

PERCENT BY MASS
Example 3:
How many grams of sodium chloride are present in
a 250ml salt solution containing 9% sodium chloride?
Given: 250ml – salt solution
9% - percent concentration
Solution: 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 %= 𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆 ×100
𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝑥
9 % NaCl=
250 ml
9𝑔 𝑥
=
100 𝑚𝑙 250 ml
𝑔 𝑥
0.09 =
𝑚𝑙 250 ml
PERCENT BY MASS
Example 3:
How many grams of sodium chloride are present in
a 250ml salt solution containing 9% sodium chloride?
Solution: 𝑥
9 % NaCl=
250 ml
9𝑔 𝑥
=
100 𝑚𝑙 250 ml
𝑔 𝑥
0.09 =
𝑚𝑙 250 ml

[
250 𝑚𝑙 0.09
𝑔
=
𝑥
𝑚𝑙 250 ml]250 𝑚𝑙

250 × 0.09 𝑔= 𝑥
𝒙=𝟐𝟐 . 𝟓 𝒈
PERCENT BY MASS
 PERCENT BY MASS
Task 1:
Nichrome wire is a mixture of 75% nickel, 12%
iron, 11% chromium and 2% manganese (by
mass). This means that 100% of the wire has 75
grams of nickel, 12 grams of iron, 11 grams of
chromium and 2 grams of manganese. What is the
percent by mass of concentration of nickel?
Task 1:
Given: nickel- 75% (g solute) and 100% (g solution)
What is Asked: percent by mass
Solution: 𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 %= × 100
𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆+ 𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕
75 𝒈
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 %= ×100
75 𝒈 +12 𝒈+ 11 𝒈+ 2 𝒈
75 𝑔
¿ × 100
100 𝒈
¿ 0.75 × 100
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 %=75 %
 PERCENT BY MASS
Task 2:
A saline solution with a mass of 355
g has 36.5 g of NaCl dissolved in it. What
is the mass percent concentration of the
solution?
Task 2:
Given: salt (NaCl)- 36.5 g (solute) and 355 g (solution)
What is Asked: percent by mass
Solution: 𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 %= × 100
𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
36.5 𝒈
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 %= × 100
355 𝒈
¿ 0.1028 × 100
 PERCENT BY MASS
Task 3:
A dextrose (also called D-glucose,
solution with a mass of g has 15.8 g of
dextrose dissolved in it. What is the
mass/mass percent concentration of the
solution?
Task 3:
Given: dextrose- 15.8 g (solute) What is Asked: percent
g (solution) by mass
Solution: 𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 %= ×100
𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
15.8 𝒈
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 %= 2
× 100
2.00 ×10 𝒈
15.8 𝑔
¿ × 100
200 𝑔
¿ 0.079 × 100
 PERCENT BY VOLUME
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝒗𝒐𝒍 %= × 100
𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
 PERCENT BY VOLUME
Example 1:
A solution contains 50ml ethanol in
300ml of alcohol solution. What is the
percent by volume concentration of the
solution?
Example 1:
Given: 50ml- volume solute
300ml- volume
solution
What is Asked: percent by volume
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆
𝒗𝒐𝒍 %=
Solution: × 100
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
50 𝑚𝑙
𝑣𝑜𝑙 %= × 100
3 00 𝑚 l
¿ 0.1 6 × 100
 PERCENT BY VOLUME
Example 2:
A bottle of hydrogen peroxide also
known as ‘agua oxinada’ is labeled 3%
by volume. How many ml of agua
oxinada are in a 500ml bottle of this
solution?
Example 2:
Given: 500ml- volume solution
3%- percent concentration of hydrogen
peroxide
What is Asked: volume of solute
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆
Solution:
𝒗𝒐𝒍 %=
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
× 100

3 % H 2O 2=
3 𝑚𝑙
𝑥
5 00 𝑚 l
𝑥
[
500 𝑚𝑙 0.0 3=
𝑥
50 0 ml ]
500 𝑚𝑙

100 𝑚𝑙
=
500 ml 5 00 𝑚𝑙 × 0.03=𝑥
𝑚𝑙 𝑥 𝟏𝟓 𝒎𝒍 = 𝒙
0.03 =
𝑚𝑙 500 ml
 PERCENT BY VOLUME
Example 3:
Determine the volume percent
solution made by combining 25 mL of
ethanol with enough water to produce
200 mL of the solution?
Example 2:
Given: 25ml- volume solute
200ml- volume solution
What is Asked: percent by volume
Solution: 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆
𝒗𝒐𝒍 %= × 100
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
25 𝑚𝑙
¿ × 100
2 00 𝑚 l
¿ 0.125 × 100
¿ 𝟏𝟐 . 𝟓 %
 PERCENT BY VOLUME
Task 1
How would you prepare 250 mL
of 70 % (v/v) of rubbing alcohol?
 PERCENT BY VOLUME
Example 2:
How would you prepare 250 mL of 70 % (v/v) of rubbing alcohol?
Solution

So
PERCENT BY MASS/VOLUME
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒈 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆
= × 100
𝒗𝒐𝒍 𝒎 𝑙 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
THANK YOU
And
Godbless!!