DE Unit 1

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
EEPCCT–210 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

MODULE – I
NUMBER SYSTEM AND LOGIC FAMILIES
Prepared by
D.BALAJI AP/EEE/MVIT
1
BINARY ARITHMETIC
Binary arithmetic is an essential part of various digital systems. You can add,
subtract, multiply, and divide binary numbers using various methods. These
operations are much easier than decimal number arithmetic operations because
the binary system has only two digits: 0 and 1
Binary is a base-2 number system that uses two states 0 and 1 to represent a
number. We can also call it to be a true state and a false state. A binary number is
built the same way as we build the normal decimal number.
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INTRODUCTION TO BINARY
NUMBER SYSTEM
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EXPANSION OF BINARY NUMBER
SYSTEM
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9
10
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INTRODUCTION TO BINARY CODED
DECIMAL NUMBER (BCD)
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Question and Answer Session
Q1: Add using binary addition (8)10 + (2)10
Q2: Subtract using binary subtraction (15)10 - (11)10
Q3: Find 1’S complement of (011011)2
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Q1: Add using binary addition (8)10 + (2)10
1000
0010
1010
Q2: Subtract using binary subtraction (15)10 - (11)10

1111
1011
0100

Ans: (100100)2
Ans: 1’s complement of (100110)  011001

+ 1
011010
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-------------
999
748
251
Q6: Find 10’S complement of

(748)10
1000 9 9 9  9’S complement
748 (Or) 748
252 251
----------- + 1
252
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BCD Addition
The rules are given below in three steps with an example to make the idea
of
BCD Addition clear.
1.At first the given number are to be added using the rule of binary. For
example,
2.In second step we have to judge the result of addition. Here two cases
are shown to describe the rules of BCD Addition.
In case 1 the result of addition of two binary number is greater than 9, which
is not valid for BCD number. But the result of addition in case 2 is less than
9, which is valid for BCD numbers.
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3.If the four bit result of addition is greater than 9 and if a carry bit is present in
the result then it is invalid and we have to add 6 whose binary equivalent is
(0110)2 to the result of addition. Then the resultant that we would get will be a
valid binary coded number. In case 1 the result was (1111)2, which is greater
than 9 so we have to add 6 or (0110)2 to it.
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Example 3: find the addition value of Example 4: find the addition value of
given BCD numbers given BCD numbers
1001 (9)10 1001 (9)10
0101 (4)10 1000 (8)10
------------ ------------
1 1 0 1  Invalid BCD 1 │ 0 0 0 1  Invalid BCD, carry set
Therefore add 0110 to above result Therefore add 0110 to above result
1101 0001
0110 0110
1│0 0 1 1 = 0001 0011 (ie) (13)10 0 1 1 1 = 0001 0111 (ie) (17)10
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Solve the Problem using BCD addition?
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BCD Subtraction
There are several methods of BCD Subtraction. BCD subtraction can be done by 1’s
compliment method and 9’s compliment method or 10’s compliment method.
Among all these methods 9’s compliment method or 10’s compliment method is
the most easiest. We will clear our idea on both the methods of BCD Subtraction.
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CODE Converters
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Parity Generator
 A Parity Generator is a Combinational Logic
Circuit that generates the Parity bit in the Transmitter.
 A Parity bit used for the
Detecting
is Purpose of during
binary
Errors information. Transmissions
 It is an Extra bitof Included with a binary message
to make the Number of 1’s either Odd or Even.
Two Types of Parity
 In Even Parity, the added Parity bit will make the
Total Number of 1’s an Even Amount.
 In Odd Parity, the added Parity bit will make the
Total Number of 1’s an Odd Amount.
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Parity Checker
 A Circuit that Checks the Parity in the Receiver is
called Parity Checker.
 The Parity Checker Circuit Checks for
Possible Errors in the Transmission.
 Since the Information Transmitted with Even Parity,
the Received must have an even number of 1’s.If it has
odd number of 1’s, it indicates that there is a Error
occurred during Transmission.
 The Output of the Parity Checker is denoted
by PEC(Parity Error Checker).If there is error, that
is,if it has odd number of 1’s, it will indicate 1.If
no then PEC will indicate 0.
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Design of Combinational Circuits
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Theorems in Boolean Algebra
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BINARY TO BCD CODE CONVERTER
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Application of Demultiplexer:
 It can be used as a decoder
 It can be used as a data distributer
 Used as time division multiplexing at the
receiving end as the data separator
 Used to implement Boolean expression
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100
101
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Y
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FLIP FLOP
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SR – FLIP FLOP
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OPERATION OF RS- FLIP FLOP
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D – FLIP FLOP
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JK – FLIP FLOP
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OPERATION OF JK- FLIP FLOP
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T – FLIP FLOP
Input and Output waveform of clocked

T-Flip Flop 114
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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

EEPCCT–210 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

Q2: Subtract using binary subtraction (15)10 - (11)10

Q3: Find 1’S complement of (011011)2

Q4: Find 2’S complement of (100110)2

Q5: Find 9’S complement of (748)10

Q6: Find 10’S complement of (748)10

Q2: Subtract using binary subtraction (15)10 - (11)10

Q3: Find 1’S complement of (011011)2

Q4: Find 2’S complement of (100110)2

Ans: 1’s complement of (100110)  011001

Q6: Find 10’S complement of

1│0 0 1 1 = 0001 0011 (ie) (13)10 0 1 1 1 = 0001 0111 (ie) (17)10

Input and Output waveform of clocked

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