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    When Volcanoes Erupt

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    may.timan

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    When Volcanoes Erupt

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    may.timan
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    When Volcanoes Erupt (1)

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    10 views14 pages

    When Volcanoes Erupt

    Uploaded by

    may.timan

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Facts About

    Volcanoes
    1. More than 80% of the Earth’s surface
    is volcanic in origin.

    2. Mountains and seafloors were formed


    by volcanic eruptions.

    3. Volcanoes’ gaseous emission formed


    the Earth’s atmosphere.

    4. The danger zone around volcano


    covers about 32.187 km radius
    5. Volcanic lightning is caused by friction between
    the ash particles moving
    rapidly to the surface.

    6. Volcanic eruption can trigger earthquake,


    mudflow, rock falls, flash floods
    and tsunamis.

    7. Volcanic ash is a mixture of rock fragments,


    glass particles, and minerals
    thrown out from erupting volcano. It is acidic and
    has a sharp adges.
    Facts About Taal
    Volcano Eruption
    in 2020
    😊 Location: Batangas (Taal)
    😊Status: Second most active volcano
    😊Features: Caldera (Has water/lake within a
    lake)
    😊Eruption Started on: January 12, 2020
    😊Ended on: January 22, 2020
    😊Last eruption: 1977 (43years ago)
    😊Type of eruption: Phreatomagmatic (main
    crater) has water in it.
    MAGMA AND ITS
    COMPOSITION
    Magma is the molten rock which
    lies underneath volcanoes. It is
    formed at destructive plate
    boundaries and is rich in silicate.
    These are products of crystal rocks
    (which are richer in silica than the
    rock of the mantle).
    1. Crystal Content

    Some magmas begin to crystallize as


    they reach the surface. High temperature
    minerals are formed as magma slowly
    cools down followed by low temperature
    minerals. Magma always contains crystals
    of high temperature.
    2. Viscosity
    The magma’s silica content affects its viscosity,
    the resistance of the fluid to flow. Low viscosity
    magma has low silica content and is composed
    mostly of basalt. While magma with rhyolite is
    viscous or high in viscosity due to its high silica
    content. Temperature also affects the viscosity of
    the magma. Magma with high temperatures
    have low viscosity while magma with low
    temperatures have high viscosity.
    3. Temperature
    Temperature of magma reflects the
    melting points of their mineral
    components. Magmas formed by partial
    melting of mantle rocks are much hotter
    over 1200⁰C for some basalts. Rhyolites
    that reached the surface have temperature
    of less than 900⁰C, and have a much higher
    viscosity.
    4. Volatile Content
    Magma contains small amounts of dissolved
    gas (water vapor, Carbon dioxide,
    etc.) which is released as pressure is removed.
    Magmas formed by melting of mantle rocks
    have generally low volatile contents, but those
    formed by partial melting of crystal rocks are
    often volatile-rich. The degree of concentrations
    of different volcanic gases are different from one
    volcano to the other. Water vapor is
    the most abundant volcanic gas, followed by carbon
    dioxide and sulfur dioxide. There are other volcanic
    gases such as hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride,
    and hydrogen fluoride. Trace gases are also found in
    volcanic emissions and these are: hydrogen, carbon
    monoxide, and volatile metal chloride. The movement
    of this volatile content is affected by the viscosity of
    the magma. As the gas continues to precipitate from
    the high viscosity magma, the bubbles will be
    prevented from rapidly breaking out resulting to the
    increase in pressure on the magma column. This
    causes the volcano to erupt explosively
    CLASSIFICATIO
    NS OF MAGMA
    Magma can be classified into basaltic or mafic,
    intermediate or andesitic and granitic or felsic.

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