PHYSICAL

EFFICIENCY TESTS
Amber Valley Residential School
Football
Grade: 10
Section: A
Done by: Prothsa. K. Reddy
Submitted to: Mrs. Theeshma
Football, commonly knowns as football or soccer, is a
million players over 200 countries, making it the
world’s most popular sport.
The game is played between two teams of eleven with
a spherical ball. It is played by 250 on a rectangular
field with goal at each end. The object of the game is
to score by using any part of the body besides the arms
and hands to get the football into the opposite goal.
 History
The Cambridge rules, first drawn up at Cambridge university
in 1848, were particularly influential in the development of
subsequent codes, including association football. The
Cambridge, at a meeting attended by representatives from
Eton, harrow, ruby, Winchester and Shrewsbury schools. The
were not universally adopted. During the 1850s, many clubs
unconnected to schools or universities were formed
throughout the English speaking world formed throughout the
English speaking world, to play various forms of football.
Today, football is at a professional level all over the world.
Millions of people regularly go to football stadiums to follow
their favourite teams, while billions more watch the game on
television or on the internet. A very large number of people also
play football at an amateur level.
According to a survey conducted by FIFA published in 2001,
over 240 million people from more than 200 countries regularly
play football. Football has the highest global television audience
in sport.
In many parts of the world football evokes great
passions and plays an important role in the life of
individual fans, local communities, and even
nations. R. Kapuscinski says that people who are
polite, modest or even or even humble in Europe
fall easily into rage with playing or watching
soccer games.
 Origin of the game
Modern football originated in Britain in the 19th century. Though “folk football”
had been played since medieval times with varying rules, the game began to be
standardized when it was taken up as a winter game at public schools. The Football
Association, formed in 1863, codified the rules of the game and hosted the first cup
competition between regional football clubs in Britain

The Chinese military used to play a game called Tsu' Chu, which involved the kicking of a
ball made of leather and filled with hair and feathers through a small opening and into a net.
The player wasn’t allowed to use their hands bud had to make use of their body in order to
hold off opponents who were trying to put them off by jumping on top of them. So a lot like
playing against a Tony Pulis team.
Growth and development of the game in India
• The rise of football began in India long ago when a club called Mohun Bagan,
established around the 1890s, became the first Indian team to win IFA (Indian
Football Association) Shield before Indian independence. Football was
meandering around with no defined path to follow, so no one really paid any
attention! Indian Football appeared in the spotlight when they qualified for the
1950 FIFA World Cup in Brazil but it was not until the late 2000s that the Indian
football team scored big. In August 2007, India won its first Nehru Cup beating
Syria 1-0 in the finals. Now, the spotlight was on the young brigade of Indian
football. They lived up to the expectations when they won the AFC Challenge Cup
in August 2008 and as they say, history repeats itself. India again beat Syria in
2009 Nehru Cup final. These wins put a hope in Indians that the Indian football
team could now be seen on the global map of football.
Growth and development of the game in India

Tournaments and awards

 FIFA
Informal international matches between nations were held sporadically from then on,
depending on the availability of the various teams to play games. It wasn’t until 1904
that The Fédération International de Football Association was formed. FIFA, to give it
its acronym, was originally devised to oversee matches played between the associations
of Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and
Switzerland.
FIFA expanded over the years, with England joining the organisation in 1905, South
Africa in 1909, Argentina in 1912, Chile and Canada in 1913 and the United States of
America in 1914. The first tournament that FIFA was responsible for was the football
side of the 1908 London Olympic Games. The first FIFA World Cup, the organisation’s
flagship tournament, was held in 1930 in Montevideo, Uruguay
 UEFA Champions League

The UEFA Champions League (abbreviated as UCL) is an

annual club football competition organized by the
Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and contested
by top-division European clubs, deciding the competition winners
through a group and knockout format. It is one of the most
prestigious football tournaments in the world and the most
prestigious club competition in European football, played by the
national league champions (and, for some nations, one or more
runners-up) of their national associations.
 COPA AMERICA
• CONMEBOL Copa América (CONMEBOL America Cup), known
until 1975 as the South American Football
Championship (Campeonato Sudamericano de Fútbol in
Spanish and Copa Sul-Americana de Futebol in Portuguese), is
the main men’s football tournament contested among national team
from Conmebol. It is the oldest international football competition,
and is the third most watched competition. The competition
determines the champions of south America. Since the 1990s,
teams from north America and Asia have also been invited to
participate.
 Africa cup of nations

• African Cup of Nations, also called Africa Cup of

Nations and African Nations Cup, the most prestigious Football
(soccer) competition in Africa. It is contested by national teams and is
organized by the Confédération Africaine de Football (CAF). The
competition’s format has changed over time, with the number of teams
increasing from 3 in 1957 to 16 in 1996. Growing participation also led to
the introduction of qualifying rounds in 1968, the same year that CAF
decided to hold the tournament biennially.
Awards

• Vince Lombardi Trophy.

• George Halas Trophy.
• Lamar Hunt Trophy.
• Ed Thorp Memorial Trophy.
• Most Valuable Player.
• Offensive Player of the Year.
• Defensive Player of the Year. Etc…
 Fundamental skills
1. Passing
This has to be the most important soccer skill you need to know. The simple truth here
is that if you don't know how to pass the ball, then you really don't know how to play
soccer.
There's no other way to say it. You may only need a few minutes to learn how to pass a
ball, but to really become great you need hours of practice!
2. Receiving a Ball
This is probably the second most important thing in soccer, after passing a ball. If you
don't know how to receive a ball, you don't know how to play soccer.
Every time you receive a pass from a teammate you need to know what to do with the
ball.
If it takes you 5 minutes to get control on it then you can be pretty sure that your
teammates will not either pass the ball so often to you.
. Trapping
This is the third important skill you need to know as soccer player.
However, traping a ball is not the same as receiving it.
When receiving a ball you will generally be in movement and when
trapping a ball you will often stand still.
4. Dribbling
If you don't know how to dribble then chances of getting around your
opponent are pretty small.
Remember, dribbling is not the same as being able to perform cool tricks
with the ball.
If you can't use a trick in a real soccer game then ask yourself what is the
point of practicing on it?
Isn't it better to use your time to improve other score skills that you will
be able to use in a real soccer game?
. Shooting
If you want to score goals then you will also need to know how to shoot. If
don't, then scoring a goal will be pretty hard.
However, shooting is not just about hitting the ball with enormous power.
You have to be able to hit the goal properly - precision has to be in the
equation, which is the 6th skill you need to master.
6. Precision
As I told you earlier in this article, passing the ball is the most important
skill you need to know. But what about precision?
I mean, if your passes never find the right address then what is the point
of passing the ball when you really think about it?
Advanced skills
Behind the leg flip flap

• In soccer, the behind the leg flip flap, also known as the
Aurelio or Hocus Pocus is a skill which involves shifting the
ball with inside of the foot around the standing foot to in
front of the standing foot. This is a skill that has been
performed by Rodrigo Taddei, Jay Emmanuel-Thomas,
Ronaldinho, Joaquín and many others.
Bicycle Kick

Bicycle kick also known as an overhead kick or scissors kick, is a

physical move in association football. It is achieved by throwing the
body backward up into the air, making a shearing movement with the
lower limbs to get one leg in front of the other in order to strike an
airborne ball rearwards above head level, without resting on the ground.
In most languages, the maneuver is named after either the cycling
motion or the scissor motion that it resembles. Its complexity and
uncommon performance in competitive football matches makes it one
of association football's most celebrated skills.
Scorpion Kick

• The scorpion kick, also known as a reverse bicycle kick, is a physical move in
association football. It is achieved by throwing the body forwards, placing the hands
in the ground to lunge the back heels in front so as to kick an incoming football.
Sports historian Andreas Campomar praises the maneuver as remarkable, noting that
it "demonstrated that the spectacle had not died: that the game, in spite of its many
flaws, could provide moments of glory that had little to do with just victory or
defeat." Colombian goalkeeper René Higuita is attributed with the invention of this
advanced football skill. One of his best known performances of the maneuver
occurred at Wembley Stadium during a 1995 international friendly match between
the Colombia national football team and the England national football team.
Cruyff Turn

• The Cruyff Turn (also spelled Cruijff Turn in the Netherlands) is an evasive
football move that was named after Dutch footballer Johan Cruyff. To do this
move, Cruyff would look to pass or cross the ball. Instead of kicking it, he would
drag the ball behind his planted foot with the inside of his crossing foot, turn
through 180 degrees, and accelerate away from the defender. This feint was
executed by Cruyff in the 1974 FIFA World Cup, first being seen in the
Netherlands' match against Sweden where he outwitted Swedish defender Jan
Olsson. The move was soon widely copied by other players around the world. It
remains one of the most commonly used dribbling tricks in the modern game.
•
Curl or Bend

Curl or bend in association football is spin on the ball which will

make it change direction, called a 'screw shot' in the 19th
century. When kicking the ball, the inside of the foot is often
used to curl the ball, but this can also be done by using the
outside of the foot. Similar to curl, the ball can also swerve in
the air, without the spin on the ball which makes the ball curl
Flip Flap

The Flip flap (also known as the elastico and la culebrita) is a dribbling move, or
feint, in football, used to fool a defensive player into thinking the offensive player, in
possession of the ball, is going to move in a direction they are not intending to move
in. Players perform it by using the outside of their dominant foot to push the ball
towards their dominant side, then quickly move the dominant foot around the ball and
using the inside to push the ball to their non-dominant side. Although the footwork is
the most distinctive aspect of the flip-flap, its success as a feint also relies heavily on
the attacking player having an explosive acceleration from a stationary position.
 Rainbow Kick

The association football rainbow kick (also called the reverse flick-over, the
rainbow flick USA, the Carretilha or the Lambreta Brazil as well as in Italy the
Lambretta, the Ardiles flick UK, arco iris Spain, the Okocha-Trick in Germany
and coup du sombrero in France) and the Djalminha at MN5 is a trick used in
association football, in which a player steps to the side of the ball and flicks it
up round from the side of them. The trajectory of the ball gives this trick its
name. The trick is usually performed while running forward with the ball, and
is done by rolling the ball up the back of one leg with the other foot, before
flicking the standing foot upwards to propel the ball forward and over the head
Nutmeg

A nutmeg (or tunnel, sometimes just meg in British English slang), is a playing
technique used in association football, field hockey or basketball. The aim is to
kick, roll or throw the ball between an opponent's legs (feet). This can be done in
order to pass to another player, to shoot on goal, or to carry on and retrieve it.
Kicking the ball through an opponent's legs in order to get past them is a
dribbling skill commonly used among football players, with some of the most
notable exponents in the modern game including Ronaldo, Ronaldinho, Lionel
Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, Neymar, Santi Cazorla, Ryan Giggs, and Luis Suárez.
Suárez became so skilled at nutmegging opponents it led to the saying: "Suárez
could nutmeg a mermaid."
Volley

• A volley is an air-borne strike in association football, where a player's feet meets

and directs the ball in an angled direction before it has time to reach the ground. A
volley can be extremely hard to aim and requires good foot-eye coordination and
timing. In general, the volley requires that the player strike the ball with the front
of his foot, with the toes pointing downward, ankle locked, and the knee lifted. It is
important for most applications to keep the knee high over the ball when struck,
and lean slightly forward to keep the shot accurate and keeping it down. Doing so
imparts a great deal of topspin and prevents the ball from flying wildly over the
goal if done correctly. Because of the power and spin imparted on the ball, the shot
can follow an unpredictable path to goal and prove difficult to defend against.
Training drills

1.Cone exercise.
2.Advanced cone exercise.
3.Circle of cones.
4.Cut-backs.
5.Shooting from a square pass.
6.One-touch shooting.
7. Three goal drill.
8. Lay-offs, turns, and chest control
 Strategies and tactics

•Option offense.
•Run and shoot offense.
•Smashmouth offense.
•Air Coryell.
•Spread offense.
•West Coast offense.
•Pistol offense.
•Pro-style offense
FIELD OF PLAY

• The field of play is the surface where the game is going to be

played. In a standard 11-a-side match, the football pitch must
be 90–120 meters in length (touchline) and 45–90 meters in
breadth (goal line).
• The playing surface is marked by white lines and a line
running parallel to the goal line divides the pitch into two
equal halves. The center is located on this line and a circle of
9.15 m is marked around it.
THE BALL

• A standard soccer ball should be spherical with a

circumference in range of 68–70 cm and weigh in between
410g and 450g. The ball should be inflated to a pressure
range of 0.6–1.1 atmosphere.
 THE NUMBER OF PLAYERS

• According to the official rules, a football match is played between

two teams each consisting of a maximum of 11 players, out of
which 10 are outfield players and 1 is a goalkeeper.
• A match will not start or resume if a team has less than 7 players
(including the goalkeeper).
• The amount of substitution depends on the competition, however,
in most competitions 3 substitutions are allowed per match.
THE PLAYER’S EQUIPMENT

• The rules state that the player’s equipment

should contain a jersey or shirt with sleeves,
shorts, footwear, shin guard, and stocks. The
socks must be long enough to cover the entire
shin guard. The teams playing should have
different colors of jersey to be easily
distinguishable from their opponents
THE REFEREE

• Every football match has officials who regulate the match

and enforce the Laws of the Game.
• They are responsible to maintain the decorum of the game
and penalize a player for breaking the rules. The referee has
the power to stop the game at any point when he believes a
foul has been committed or the ball has gone out of play.
• The official can also book players accordingly for a rash
tackle or dissent.
ASSISTANT REFEREES
• The assistant referees help the referee to conduct the match in
a fair manner in accordance with the rules.
• Each assistant referee is placed on each side of the field and
has the power to signal offsides and intervene when an
offense has taken near the sidelines.
• They can help the referees in making a decision regarding
foul, handball, etc.
 DURATION OF THE MATCH
• A typical football match is divided into two halves, each of 45 minutes
with a 15 minutes break in between.
• At the end of each half, the referee may add on extra minutes
appropriately that is proportional to the length of delays, call stoppage
time (injury time).
• In case of a tie after 90 minutes, if a winner has to be decided, then the
two teams play another two halves of 15 minutes each.
• If the match still remains tied after the extra 30 minutes, then the
decision is made via a penalty shoot-out.
THE START AND RESTART OF
PLAY
• A coin toss is in place before the kick-off, the winner of the
toss decides whether his team would kick-off in first half or
second half.
• In addition, to start the match the kick-off also occurs : (i)
when a goal is scored, (ii) to initiate second half, (iii) to start
each half of extra time.
• During the kick-off, each player of the opposing team must
be at least 9.15 meters from the ball.
 BALL IN AND OUT OF PLAY

• The ball is considered out of play when the whole of the ball
has crossed the goal line or touchline or when the referee has
blown the whistle to pause the game.
• Apart from these two situations, the ball is considered to be
always in play.
 METHODS OF SCORING
• A goal is scored when the whole of the ball completely
crosses over the goal line (between the goalposts and under
crossbar) from the action, direct free-kick or penalty-kick
provided no infringement of the Laws of the Game has
occurred prior to scoring.
 OFFSIDE RULE
• Considered to be one of the trickiest rules in football, the basic concept
of this rule is that if a player is nearer to his opponent’s goal line than
the second-last opponent and the ball, then the player is considered to
be in an offside position.
• A player is penalized for being in an offside position when the referee
believes that he/she is gaining an advantage over the opposition when
the player’s team impacts the play.
• There is no offside when the player receives the ball directly from a
goal-kick, throw-in, corner-kick.
FOULS AND MISCONDUCT
• Misconduct is where a player deliberately pushes, holds, or kick his/her
opponents.
• Fouls occur when the action is mostly accidental when a player is trying to get the
ball from the opponent when the ball is in play.
• A referee can penalize a player and issue a yellow card or red card depending
upon the seriousness of the foul or behavior of the player.
• The first yellow card received allows the player to continue the match, whereas
the second yellow card received by that player will equate to a red card. When a
player is shown a red card he/she will have to leave the field.
FREE KICKS
• Free kicks are categorized as Direct or Indirect.
• An indirect free-kick is the one where the ball must go to
another player before it is being taken towards the goal to
score.
• Direct free-kick is the one where the kicker can choose to
score without passing it to another player.
PENALTY KICK
• A penalty is awarded to a team when an opposition player
commits a major foul or deliberately handles the ball (except
for the goalkeeper) on his own penalty area.
• The ball is placed on the penalty spot and only
the goalkeeper and the penalty taker is allowed to be inside
the box when a penalty kick is taken
THROW IN
• A throw-in is awarded to a team when the last touch of the
ball is by an opposing player before the ball has gone out of
touchline.
• To correctly throw the ball, the player must have both feet on
the ground, both hands on the ball, and delivers the ball from
behind and over his/her head.
GOAL KICK
• A goal kick is awarded to a team when the opposition team puts the ball
completely over the goal line and a goal has not been scored (i.e the ball didn’t
cross the goal-line in between the two posts and under the crossbar).
• The ball is then kicked from any position within the goal by a player of the
defending team.
• The ball must pass the penalty area and the kicker cannot touch it before it has
been touched by another player.
• The opposition player must remain outside the penalty area until the ball is in play
and a goal may be scored from a goal-kick given it’s against opposing team.
 CORNER KICK
• A corner kick is awarded to an attacking team when the defending
team puts the ball completely over the goal line without it having
to pass in between the goalposts and under the crossbar.
• The ball is placed next to the corner flag and all the players from
the opposing team must remain 9.15 meters away from the corner
arc until the ball is in play.
• A goal may be scored directly from a corner kick given its against
opposing team.
 Amendment of rules
• The rule-makers have decided upon a number of changes to the Laws of the Game - but
what are they?
• Football is set for some rule changes this season after the IFAB (International Football
Association Board) approved a number of amendments and clarifications to the current
Laws of the Game.
• A slew of temporary rules were implemented in the 2019-20 Premier League season
following the suspension of football for three months, but it is understood that these rules
will not be extended into the following season.
• It's not the first time that the rules of beautiful game have been tweaked and it probably
won't be the last as administrators continue to figure out the best way forward in a world
of changing technology, especially during a worldwide pandemic.
 Equipment's

•Uniform: Most youth soccer leagues require a standard uniform for all players. This might range
from a simple T-shirt to a complete soccer uniform with matching jersey, shorts and socks. Some
leagues issue the uniform to players, while others require you to order the uniform yourself.
•Practice clothes: Uniforms are typically reserved for wear in games only, so your little kicker
needs comfortable athletic clothes for soccer practice. Choose clothes that allow a full range of
motion. Sweat-wicking material keeps your child cool and dry during sweaty warm-weather
practices.
•Soccer cleats: When your child plays in an organized league, you likely need soccer-specific cleats.
These shoes are designed for the sport to give your soccer player the support and traction
necessary in the game.
•Shin guards: Protective shin guards are another requirement in most leagues. They rest at the
front of the shin to protect from errant kicks and fast-moving balls.
•Soccer socks: Just like your child needs special shoes, she also needs special socks designed for
soccer. The long socks go up and over the shin guards.
•Ball: Your child’s coach may provide balls during practice, but it’s always a good idea to have a
quality soccer ball of your own so you can practice at home. Invest in a high-quality ball instead
of a cheap foam ball that doesn’t give your player a real feel for soccer play.
•Goalkeeper gloves: If your child is interested in playing goalkeeper, consider investing in a pair
of goalkeepers gloves. These special gloves are designed to support the wrists while allowing
freedom of movement in the fingers. If your child is young, the league may not play with goalies
just yet, so hold off on the gloves until you know if your child will actually play the goalkeeper
role.
•Water bottle: Soccer players spend a lot of time running up and down the field. The soccer
season often falls during warm weather. Hydration is important, so outfit your child with her
own water bottle. Write her name on the bottle to avoid mix-ups on the bench.
•Gear bag: A backpack or tote bag designed for soccer makes it easy to carry all that gear to
practices and games. These specialty bags typically include a spot for a soccer ball and all the
other gear your child needs.
 Dimensions of the playfield/court
• Length of field(touch line) – 90m(minimum) ,
120m(maximum)
• Breadth of field- 45m(minimum, 90m(maximum)
• Radius of center circle- 9.15m
• Distance between the goalpost-7.32m
• Height of goal post from ground-2.44m
• Penalty mark-11m
• Penalty area-9.15m
• Dimension of ball
• Circumference- 68cm(minimum),
71.12cm(maximum)
• Weight- 410gms(minimum), 450gms(maximum)
 Injuries and nutrition
• Ankle sprains.
• Knee injuries.
• Quad, hamstring, and groin strains.
• Hip pointers.
• Shoulder dislocations.
• Acromioclavicular sprains.
• Wrist and hand injuries.
• Nutrition that should be taken
• Carbohydrates: To Fuel.
• Protein: To Build and Repair:
• Fat is Essential in Moderation:
• You Can't Forget to Snack.