Python

Programming Language
AI 102 COURSE
D AY 3
PYTHON LECT # 2

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Agenda
 Conditional Statement
 Relational Operators
 Indentation
 Logical Operators
 Loops
 Nested Loops

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Agenda…
 break
 continue
 pass

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 Relational Operators
Operator Symbol Meaning Example

Equal to == Checks if two values are equal x == y

Not equal to != Checks if two values are not equal x != y

Greater than > Checks if the left value is greater than the right x>y
value

Less than < Checks if the left value is less than the right value x<y

Checks if the left value is greater than or equal to

Greater than or equal to >= the right value x >= y

Checks if the left value is less than or equal to the

Less than or equal to <= right value x <= y

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Indentation
Indentation in Python refers to the use of whitespace (spaces or tabs) at the
beginning of a line to define the structure of the code.
it indicates the grouping of statements. Unlike many other programming
languages that use braces {} or keywords to delimit blocks of code, Python
uses indentation levels.
Indentation Levels: Each indentation level typically consists of four spaces.
Consistency: Indentation must be consistent within a block of code. Mixing
tabs and spaces in the same block is not allowed and will result in an
‘IndentationError’.

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Conditional Statement
 Simple if
 if else
 if elif else
 Nested if else

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If Statement
 if statement is used to test a specific condition. If the condition
evaluates to True, the code block under the if statement is executed.

a = 10
if a > 5:
print("a is greater than 5")

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If else Statement
 In if else statement if block will be executed if condition is True
and else block will be executed if condition is False.
a = 1
if a == 1:
print("a is 1")
else:
print("a is not 1")

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If elif else Statement
 In elif (short for else if) statement is used to check multiple expressions
for True and execute a block of code as soon as one of the conditions is
True. It is used when you have more than two conditions to check.
a = 33
b = 33
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
elif a == b:
print("a and b are equal")
else:
print("a is greater than b")
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Nested if else
Nested if-else statements in Python are a way to place one if-else
statement inside another if-else statement. This allows you to check
multiple conditions and execute different blocks of code based on
those conditions.
if condition1:
if condition2:
# code block 1
else:
# code block 2
else:
# code block 3
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Nested if else Example
x = 15
if x > 10:
print("x is greater than 10")
if x > 20:
print("x is also greater than 20")
else:
print("x is 10 to 20")
else:
print("x is 10 or less")

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Logical Operators
 and , return true if both operands are true
 or , return True if any one of operands are true
 not , it inverts operands value
x = 5
y = 10
if x > 0 and y > 5:
print("Both conditions are True")

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Loops
 Loop allow to execute block of code repeatedly
while loop
i = 1
while i < 6: # condition
print(i)
i += 1

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Loops
 for loop
for i in range(1, 6):
print(i) # output 1 2 3 4 5

for i in range(1, 6, 2):

print(i) # output 1 3 5

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Nested loop
 loop with in another loop is called nested loop
i = 1
while i <= 2: # Outer loop
print(i, "Outer loop is executed")
j = 1
while j <= 2: # Inner loop
print(j, "Inner loop is executed")
j += 1
i += 1
print(“End of code”)
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break statement
 break statement is used to exit the loop prematurely, i.e., before the loop
finishes its natural iteration. When a break statement is encountered, the loop
is terminated, and the program continues executing the code after the loop.
i = 0
while i < 5:
if i == 3:
break
print(i)
i += 1
print("Loop ended") # Output 0 1 2 Loop ended

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continue statement
 The continue statement is used to skip the current iteration of the loop
and move on to the next one
i = 0
while i <= 10:
if i%3 == 0:
i += 1
continue
print(i)
i += 1
print("Loop ended") # output 1 2 4 5 7 8 10 Loop ended
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pass statement
 The pass statement in Python is a null operation. In other words,
pass does nothing when executed. It is often used in situations
where you need to define a block of code (such as a function or a
loop) but you don't want to execute any code yet.
for i in range(5):
pass # no output but loop will run 5 times

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Q&A

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