Problem Solving and Reasoning 1

Problem Solving and
Reasoning
Walang sagot sa tanong…
Objectives:
 Use different types of reasoning to justify statement and

arguments made about mathematics and mathematical
concepts
 Write an Logical proofs
 Solve Problems involving patterns and recreational problems
following polya’s four steps
 Oraganize one’s methods and approaches for proving and
solving problmes.
Reasoning
In mathematics, reasoning is the ability to draw

logical conclusions based on evidences or stated
assumptions.
Reasoning will be helpful in evaluating
situations, selecting problem solving
strategies, drawing logical conclusions,
developing and describing and apply the
solutions.
2 types of reasoning
Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Inductive and deductive reasoning are two fundamental
types of reasoning for mathematicians . Today’s formal
theorems and proofs originated with these two forms of
reasoning.
• Inductive reasoning - refers to the process of making
generalized decisions after observing, and/or
witnessing, repeated specific instances of something.
• Deductive reasoning – refers to the process of taking

the information gathered from general observations
and making specific decisions based on that
information.
• Inductive Reasoning – is a process of reaching
conclusions based on a series of observations.
• Is used to create hypotheses
• Deductive Reasoning – is a process of

reaching conclusions based on previously
known facts.
• Is to create or to prove ideas
Inductive Deductive
Reasoning Reasoning
From Specific to From to general to
general specific
Uses patterns, Uses facts or
trends, or principles
observations
Is judging by Is judging by logical
experience progression
Example:
For inductive reasoning

Determine the next number: 3, 6, 9, 12, __, __
The next number will be 15 and 18 because all
numbers are multiple of 3
Example:
The teacher gave the students easy quizzes

every week. Therefore, you can conclude
that the next week will be ________
We can conclude that the next quiz will be
easy.
Example
My math teacher is strict

My previous math teacher is strict
My cousin’s math teacher is strict
What can you say about all math teachers?
We can conclude that all math teachers are strict

Example
 Study and determine the next figure:
 Based on the number of the sides,

Triangle = 3, quadrilateral = 4, pentagon = 5, hexagon = 6
Example
 Study and determine the next figure:

Example
For deductive reasoning:

Make a conclusion out of the given statement
below.
Filipinos are religious. Daniel is a Filipino.
Therefore we can conclude that _______________.
Daniel is religious.
Example:
Make a conclusion out of the given

statement below.
Quadrilateral is a polygon with 4 sides.
Square have 4 sides. Therefore we
conclude that _____________________.
square is quadrilateral
Example
Make a conclusion out of the given statement

below.
All number ending in 0 and 5 are divisible by 5.
the numbers , 100 and 35 are ending in 0 and
5. therefore, we conclude that __________
There are divisible by 5
Make a conclusion out of the given statement below.
All Filipino heroes are brave. Andres Bonifacio is a
Filipino hero. Therefore we conclude that ________
Andres Bonifacio is brave
Activity:
1. All number ending in 0 or 3 are divisible by 3, the number 33 end with 3, therefore
_________________
2. Cacti are plants, all plants perform photosynthesis. Therefore _________________
3. All men are mortal, algebra teachers are men. Therefore _________________
4. Some of students of tarlac state university are taking BS Mathematics, students of this
university are scholars. Therefore _________________
5. John is an excellent swimmer, john’s family has a swimming pool. _________________
6. Michael is good looking, Michael is well behaved. Therefore _________________
7. The coin pulled from the bag is a penny, a second coin from the bag is penny. Therefore
_________________
8. Children in the day care center are playful, children in the day care center like to play
with legos. Therefore _________________

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Problem Solving and

 Use different types of reasoning to justify statement and

In mathematics, reasoning is the ability to draw

• Deductive reasoning – refers to the process of taking

• Deductive Reasoning – is a process of

For inductive reasoning

The teacher gave the students easy quizzes

My math teacher is strict

We can conclude that all math teachers are strict

 Study and determine the next figure:

 Based on the number of the sides,

 Study and determine the next figure:

For deductive reasoning:

Make a conclusion out of the given

Make a conclusion out of the given statement

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