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    Metabolism in The Fed and Fasting States-2010

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    Mousa Suhail
    The document summarizes human metabolism in the fed and fasting states. It outlines the main fuel reserves in the body, including glycogen, glucose, triglycerides, and proteins. The three main fuels - carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins - are all broken down into acetyl CoA and fed into the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain. The principal fuels used by tissues include glucose, fatty acids, ketone bodies, lactate, amino acids, and glycerol. Brain and RBCs primarily use glucose, while liver metabolizes glucose, proteins, lipids, and glycogen. Muscle uses fatty acids, lactate, and amino acids. The fed state relies on glucose, while fasting breaks

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    Metabolism in The Fed and Fasting States-2010

    Uploaded by

    Mousa Suhail
    842 views24 pages
    The document summarizes human metabolism in the fed and fasting states. It outlines the main fuel reserves in the body, including glycogen, glucose, triglycerides, and proteins. The three main fuels - carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins - are all broken down into acetyl CoA and fed into the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain. The principal fuels used by tissues include glucose, fatty acids, ketone bodies, lactate, amino acids, and glycerol. Brain and RBCs primarily use glucose, while liver metabolizes glucose, proteins, lipids, and glycogen. Muscle uses fatty acids, lactate, and amino acids. The fed state relies on glucose, while fasting breaks

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    Metabolism in the Fed and Fasting States-2010

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    The document summarizes human metabolism in the fed and fasting states. It outlines the main fuel reserves in the body, including glycogen, glucose, triglycerides, and proteins. The three main fuels - carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins - are all broken down into acetyl CoA and fed into the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain. The principal fuels used by tissues include glucose, fatty acids, ketone bodies, lactate, amino acids, and glycerol. Brain and RBCs primarily use glucose, while liver metabolizes glucose, proteins, lipids, and glycogen. Muscle uses fatty acids, lactate, and amino acids. The fed state relies on glucose, while fasting breaks

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    842 views24 pages

    Metabolism in The Fed and Fasting States-2010

    Uploaded by

    Mousa Suhail
    The document summarizes human metabolism in the fed and fasting states. It outlines the main fuel reserves in the body, including glycogen, glucose, triglycerides, and proteins. The three main fuels - carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins - are all broken down into acetyl CoA and fed into the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain. The principal fuels used by tissues include glucose, fatty acids, ketone bodies, lactate, amino acids, and glycerol. Brain and RBCs primarily use glucose, while liver metabolizes glucose, proteins, lipids, and glycogen. Muscle uses fatty acids, lactate, and amino acids. The fed state relies on glucose, while fasting breaks

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    Metabolism in the Fed and Fasting States

    Fuel Reserves in a 70 kg man


    Fuel source TGs Glycogen in liver Glycogen in muscle Free glucose Protein kJ 590,000 1500 6000 320 100,000 grams 15,000 90 350 20 6000

    Metabolism of Carbohydrate, Lipid, & Protein


    TCA & ETC - common to all 3.
    All 3 give Acetyl CoA This catabolic pathway also: Produces CO2 Produces ATP Produces NADH & FADH Produces more ATP in ETC.

    The principal fuels are:


    Glucose Lactate Fatty acids Ketone bodies Amino acids Glycerol and ethanol can be used only to a minor degree. Glycogen is not a fuel, it is a storage molecule. Its breakdown product, glucose, is a fuel. Circulating triacylglycerols are not fuel. Fatty acids derived from their hydrolysis are. Not all cells use all fuels at all times and not all cells can process all fuels.

    Principal Fuel Metabolism of Tissues


    Fuel used and/or stored and the fuel released form:
    1) Brain
    2) Liver 3) Adipose 4) Muscle 5) RBC

    Brain

    Glucose Ketone bodies

    None

    Liver

    Glucose,

    Glucose from amino acids by gluconeogenesis Glycogen for raising blood glucose Proteins form amino acids Lipoproteins & fatty acids.

    Adipose tissue Glucose Branched-chain fatty acids amino acids


    Muscle

    Fatty acids, glycerol, Triglycerides

    Glucose, Lactate, alanine, and glutamine Fatty acids (anaerobic gives lactate, transported as Ketones alanine. Glutamate from catabolism of aa) Amion acids Glycogen is for use of muscle only Glucose only (No mitochondria)

    RBC

    (FED & Fasting States)


    Five Phases of Glucose Homeostasis

    Absorptive, postabsorptive, and early starvation occur sequentially over ~2 days. Intermediate, and prolonged starvation are over 38 subsequent days and beyond

    The Fed-Fast Cycle


    Stages of fed-fast cycle
    Fed state lasts 3 hours after meal ingestion. Postabsorptive/early fasting state 3 to 12-18 hours after meal Fasting state 18 hours to 2 days after meal when nothing else eaten Starvation/long-term fast deprivation (Weeks)

    The fed state Glucose glycogen (Glycogenesis). Fatty acids synthesis (Lipogenesis). aa Protein (Protein synthesis). Glucose ATP (Glycolysis). ATP from glucose is used by:
    nervous tissues (Brain) RBCs Adipose tissues Muscle tissues

    Fuels in Fed State

    Metabolism in Fed State

    The postabsorptive/early fasting state


    Glycogen glucose (Glycogenolysis). (in liver & muscle) Amino acids (primarily) 3 used for (Gluconeogenesis). Glycerol Lactate

    Glucogenic amino acids


    1. Serine 2. Valine 3. Histidine 4. Arginine 5. Cysteine 6. Proline 7. Alanine 8. Glutamate 9. Glutamine 10.Aspartate 11.Asparagine 12.Methionine

    The fasting state Amino acids (primarily) (Protein Breakdown) Glycerol Lactate Above 3 used for (Gluconeogenesis) Fatty acids acetyl CoA Ketone formation (Lipolysis & Ketogenesis) Ketone bodies are:
    Acetoacetate Beta hydroxybutyrate Acetone.

    FATTY ACIDS
    CoA

    FATTY ACYL CoA

    -OXIDATION

    ACETYL CoA KETONES

    The starvation state: Fatty acids used to greater extent Glycerol major glucose source Ketosis after oxaloacetate depletion Because oxaloactate comes from glucose which is deficient in starving state.

    Amino Acid Metabolism


    Fed state: used for synthesis of proteins & excess is degraded
    (Protein synthesis & Urea cycle)

    Fasting state:
    Catabolism for energy produces quantities of N (Excreted in urea), (Urea cycle) Gluconeogensis in liver & kidneys

    Five Phases of Glucose Homeostasis

    Absorptive, postabsorptive, and early starvation occur sequentially over ~2 days. Intermediate, and prolonged starvation are over 38 subsequent days and beyond

    In general
    Brain is simply a fuel consumer Liver and adipose tissue function as fuel storage tissues and reservoirs Muscle is both source and consumer leaning heavily toward consumption Kidney is only a significant source under starvation

    The Central Role of the Liver in Metabolism


    Glycolysis Glycogenesis Glycogenolysis Gluconeogenesis Urea formation (cycle) Protein synthesis Lipoprotein synthesis Catabolism, conversion to other compounds

    Thank You

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