Quantum

Dot
IN MEDICINE
 School Code 30144
GG INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
Affiliation No: 1130198

GG INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
Session: 2023-24
NAME:

CLASS/SEC:11B

SUBJECT:Chemistry

SUBJECT TEACHER NAME:Ms Dhruvi Bhatia

TITLE OF PROJECT:Quantum Dots In Medicine

 School Code 30144
GG INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
Affiliation No: 1130198

Certificate of Project Completion

This is to certify that Ishwari and Kashish has successfully completed the Quantum Dots in Medicine conducted at GG International School. Throughout the project, she
demonstrated exceptional dedication,
Project Details- Research Work about Quantum Dots and its usage in medicine
Project Name- Quantum Dots in Medicine

Achievements and Contributions:Understanding the concepts in depths along with its future applications
This certificate is awarded in recognition of Kashish and Ishwari valuable participation and commitment to the successful execution of the project. Her efforts have significantly
contributed to the overall success, reflecting their dedication to excellence.

We commend Ishwari and Kashish for their hard work, innovation, and collaborative spirit. May they continue to excel in future endeavors.

Date-

Signature
______

Internal Name
Ms Dhruvi Bhatia
PGT Chemistry
GGIS
 School Code 30144
GG INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
Affiliation No: 1130198

Acknowledgement for Project

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude and appreciation to everyone who contributed to the successful completion of the [Project Name]. This project would not have been
possible without the collective efforts and dedication of several individuals.
I extend my sincere thanks to Ms Dhruvi Bhatia for providing invaluable guidance, support, and mentorship throughout the entire project duration.Her expertise and
encouragement were instrumental in shaping the project's direction and ensuring its successful execution.
I would also like to thank my fellow team members and colleagues who worked tirelessly, bringing diverse skills and perspectives to the table. Your collaboration and commitment
played a pivotal role in overcoming challenges and achieving our common goals.
Furthermore, I appreciate the support received from GG International School. The resources, facilities, and encouragement provided by the institution significantly contributed to
the project's overall success.
Last but not least, I am grateful to my friends and family for their unwavering support and understanding during the demanding phases of this project. Their encouragement kept
me motivated and focused.
This project has been a rewarding experience, and I am thankful for the opportunity to work with such a talented and dedicated team. Together, we have accomplished something
remarkable.
Thank you to everyone involved for making this project a success.
Sincerely,

Ishwari And Kashish

INDEX
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What is Quantum Dot? Brief Overview of Basic Concepts

Detailed explanation along with its connection with

What is Nanomaterial Quantum Dot

Inventors Names of scientists

Present Research/Applications Present role of quantum dot

Challenges in Quantum dot Challenges that scientists are facing at the present

Future Scope Future role of Quantum dot

01
What is
Quantum Dot
Introduction to Quantum Dot
Quantum dots (QDs) are Quantum dots emit light when
nanoscale semiconductor excited, and the color of the
particles with unique properties. emitted light can be controlled
They are typically composed of by adjusting the dot's size.
materials like cadmium selenide These properties make
or indium arsenide. Their small quantum dots valuable in
size, ranging from 1 to 10 applications like displays,
nanometers, leads to quantum biological imaging, and
confinement effects, resulting in analytical chemistry. However,
discrete energy levels and size- concerns about toxic elements
dependent optical properties. in some quantum dots have led
to research on alternative
materials and greener synthesis
methods
 02
What is
Nanomaterial
Nanomaterial
Nanomaterials are At this scale, For example, they're
materials that are materials exhibit used in medicine for
designed and unique and often targeted drug
engineered at the enhanced properties delivery and
nanoscale, typically compared to their imaging, and in
ranging from 1 to bulk counterparts. catalysis for
100 nanometers due to quantum improved efficiency
(nm) in size. mechanical effects of chemical
and increased reactions.
surface area-to-
volume ratio.
03
Inventors
Louis E. Brus
(1983)
Louis Brus is often credited
with the discovery of quantum
dots. In 1983, while working at
Bell Labs, he observed size-
dependent optical properties
in semiconductor nanocrystals
made of cadmium selenide
(CdSe). This discovery laid the
foundation for the field of
quantum dots.
Alexander
Ekimov (1985)
Alexander Ekimov reported on the
synthesis and optical properties of
semiconductor nanocrystals
(quantum dots) made of cadmium
selenide (CdSe). Ekimov's work
focused on colloidal quantum
dots, while Brus contributed to
understanding their size-
dependent properties.
Paul L.
Richards and
Alan S.
Waggoner
(1996)
Paul Richards and Alan
Waggoner developed water-
soluble quantum dots, making
them suitable for biological
applications. This opened up
new possibilities for quantum
dots in fluorescence imaging
and diagnostics
Moungi G.
Bawendi
(1993-1997)
Moungi Bawendi and his
research group at MIT played
a crucial role in advancing the
synthesis and understanding
of quantum dots. They
contributed to the
development of colloidal
quantum dots with improved
stability and control over size,
leading to broader
applications.
Alivisatos, Nie,
and Murray
(1990s)
Researchers such as Paul
Alivisatos, Shuming Nie, and
Christopher B. Murray made
significant contributions to the
synthesis of quantum dots with
improved control over size and
shape, allowing for enhanced
optical and electronic properties.
04
Present
Research
Bioimaging
Quantum Dots are used in medical
imaging techniques such as
fluorescence microscopy, allowing
for highly detailed and precise
imaging of cells, tissues, and organs.
Quantum dots can be engineered to
emit light at specific wavelengths,
enabling multiplexed imaging of
multiple targets simultaneously. This
enables early detection and accurate
diagnosis of diseases, monitoring the
efficacy of treatments tracking and
 Targeted Drug
Delivery
Quantum Dots can be used as
carriers for targeted drug delivery.
They can be loaded with
therapeutic agents and guided to
specific cells or tissues, improving
the efficacy and reducing side
effects of treatments.
Cancer
Treatment
1. Biosensing and Early Detection -
Quantum dots can be used in biosensors
for the detection of cancer biomarkers in
blood, urine, or saliva. By functionalized
quantum dots with recognition elements
that specifically bind to cancer-specific
molecules or genetic mutations, sensitive
and specific detection tests can be
developed for early cancer diagnosis and
monitoring of disease progression.
Cancer
Treatment
2. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) - Quantum
dot-based PDT offers the potential for
targeted and controlled delivery of light
energy to tumor tissues, leading to
selective destruction of cancer cells while
sparing surrounding healthy tissues.
Cancer
Treatment
3. Image-guided surgery - Uses images to
help guide a surgeon during an operation.
Quantum dots, which are tiny particles, can
be injected into the body and attached to
cancer cells. When a surgeon shines a
special light on the area, these quantum
dots light up, showing exactly where the
cancer cells are. This helps the surgeon see
the edges of the tumor more clearly and
remove it more accurately, reducing the
chances of leaving any cancer cells behind
 05
Challenges in
Quantum
Dots
Toxicity Concerns
Many traditional quantum dots,
especially those made of cadmium-
based materials, raise environmental
and health concerns due to the toxicity
of cadmium. Finding environmentally
friendly and biocompatible alternatives
is an ongoing challenge
Scale-Up and Cost
Current synthesis methods for quantum
dots can be labor-intensive and may not
be easily scalable for large-scale
production. Reducing production costs
and developing scalable synthesis
methods are important for widespread
commercial applications.
Single-Photon
Emission
For quantum computing and quantum
communication applications, achieving
efficient and controllable single-photon
emission from quantum dots is a
challenging task. Controlling the
quantum dot's environment to minimize
decoherence and enhance single-photon
emission remains an active area of
research.
Synthesis
Techniques
Achieving precise control over the size,
shape, and composition of quantum dots
during synthesis is challenging.
Variability in these parameters can affect
the quantum dots' properties, limiting
their uniformity and performance.
 06
Future Scope
Personalized
Medicine
Quantum dots can enable more
personalized approaches to medicine by
allowing for targeted drug delivery and
therapy monitoring tailored to individual
patients' needs. This could lead to more
effective treatments with fewer side
effects.
Theranostics
QDs have the potential to integrate
diagnostic and therapeutic
functionalities into a single system,
known as theranostics. This approach
enables simultaneous imaging of tumors
and targeted delivery of therapeutic
agents, leading to more precise and
efficient cancer treatment.
Bioimaging Probes
Quantum dots offer superior optical
properties compared to conventional
organic fluorophores, making them ideal
candidates for developing advanced
bioimaging probes. These probes could
enable high-resolution imaging of
cellular structures and molecular
interactions, advancing our
understanding of complex biological
processes.
Multimodal imaging
Quantum dots can be used in advanced
imaging techniques that combine different
ways of taking pictures inside the body. By
using quantum dots, doctors can see more
details about diseases like cancer, which
helps them decide the best treatments.
It's like having multiple cameras that show
different angles of a scene, giving a fuller
picture for better decisions.
Point-of-Care
Diagnostics
Quantum dot-based biosensors and
diagnostic tests could revolutionize point-
of-care testing by providing rapid,
sensitive, and multiplexed detection of
biomarkers for disease diagnosis and
monitoring. This could enhance healthcare
accessibility and facilitate early
intervention and treatment
 Conclusion
In conclusion, studying Quantum Dots in Medicine showed us how tiny
particles can do big things in healthcare. These super-small particles, called
nanomaterials, have special powers that can help in medical stuff. They're
magic dots that can make medical pictures super clear and deliver medicin
exactly where it's needed.

By mixing chemistry and medicine, we discovered that Quantum Dots can

change how we see and treat illnesses. It's like a peek into the future of sup
customized and effective medical care. This project made us realize that ev
the tiniest things can have a huge impact on making healthcare better. So,
Quantum Dots might be small, but they're a big deal in making medicine
smarter and more personalized.
 School Code 30144
GG INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
Affiliation No: 1130198

Bibliography
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9076002/

https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nanomaterials

https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/ntrev-2021-0118/html?lang=en

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2021.798440/full