Ancient Civilization
Ancient Civilization
Ancient Civilization
Civilization
• Group of people with their own languages and
way of life.
• Basis for later states, nations, and empires.
• Greek, Roman, Indus valley civilization and
Gandhara civilization.
Greek Civilization
• 1600 BCE to 31 BCE.
• spread over most of Europe
• Greece was Headquarter
• hundreds of villages and towns grouped together
• towns grew in size as the smaller ones joined the
bigger ones
• 1500 Greek city-states
• Each had independent government.
Greek Civilization
• Ruled by Kings and Councils.
• Corinth and Sparta states.
• Sparta was a warrior state.
• Similarities - Same gods,
language and identified
themselves as Greeks.
What did the ancient Greek give us?
• Contributions to Government, Philosophy,
architecture, mathematics, astronomy and
medicine.
• Art, literature and theatre was major part of their
culture.
• Concept of Drama
• Idea of democracy
• Trial by jury
Famous Greek philosophers
• Socrates
• Aristotle
• Plato
• They use logic and reasoning to understand the
world.
Roman Civilization
• Romans conquered the Greeks.
• Battle of Cornith.
• Rome was a Republic.
• Leaders were elected.
• 509BCE to 45 BCE.
• Julius Caesar took over the Roman Republic
• Caesar Augustus became the first Roman Emperor.
Roman Civilization
• For better governance – Eastern & Western
Roman Empire.
• Eastern Roman empire which was governed
from Constantinople
• Western Roman Empire which was governed
from the Rome.
Ancient Romans give us
• Great structures.
• Calendar
• Underfloor heating
• Built roads for the first time.
Gandhara Civilization
• Located along the ancient Silk route
• Dates back to the 1st millennium BCE
• Well-known cities Purushapura (Peshawar),
Takshasila (Taxila), and Pushkalavati (Mardan).
• Alexander the Great conquered the Gandhara in
327 BCE. Taxila was an important centre of
Buddhist learning.
• Kanishka introduced the Buddha image
• First university of the world
Gandhara Civilization