STRAWBERRY CULTIVATION

(Fragaria× ananassa)

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
DR. DILIP SINGH KACHWAYA YOGITA THAPER
HOD of AGRICULTURE DEPT. M.Sc. (FRUIT SCIENCE) -1st year
MATA GUJRI COLLEGE ROLL NO. 2370001
FATEHGARH SAHIB
PUNJAB
•TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF
STRAWBERRY
Kingdom Plantae
Order Rosales
Family Rosaceae
Genus Fragaria
Species ananassa
Botanical name Fragaria × ananassa
Duchense
Fragaria ananassa Duchense F. virginiana × F. chilionsis
Origin France
Chromosome No. 2n = 56
 INTRODUCTION
 Strawberry is a man- made fruit.
 Important soft fruit.
 Low volume high value fruit.
 Quick return in short period.
 Cultivated in both protected and open conditions.
 Day neutral plant.
 It is a fruit of temperate climate.
 Pleasant flavour of strawberry is due to volatile
esters. Indian wild
 Outer seeds of strawberry are called achens.
strawberry
 Fruit type – Etaerio of achens.
 India wild strawberry is Fragaria vesca.
FRUIT TYPE ETAERIO OF ACHENS
EDIBLE PART SUCCULENT
THALAMUS
POLLINATION BOTH SELF AND
CROSS
POLLINATOR HONEY BEE
NON- CLIMATERIC STRAWBERRY
GROWTH PROSTARTE
FLOWER COLOUR WHITE
PHOTOPERIOD SHORT DAY
INFLORESCENCE DICHOTOMIC
RACEME
PROPAGATION RUNNERS
 USES, IMPORTANCE AND HEALTH BENEFITS
 Strawberry is rich source of vitamins and minerals.
 It is a good source of vitamin C.
 It contains 60mg ascorbic acid per 100g of pulp.
 It is consumed in very large quantity either in fresh or prepared foods such as juice, ice-
creams, shakes and so on.
 The fruits of strawberry are considered for kidney stones, diarrhea.
 Strawberries contains high amount of ellagic acid which inhibit cancer and HIV.
 Good source of folic acid.
 Helps in the proper functioning of hormones.
• NUTRITIONAL
VALUE
Ascorbic acid 60mg
Carbohydrates 8.4g
Calcium 21mg
Phosphorus 21mg
Potassium 164mg
Vitamin A 601U
Protein 0.7g
Total sugars 5%
•AREA AND PRODUCTION
•Strawberries are produced in 73 (approx.) countries.
•The leading strawberry producing countries are USA, Turkey, Spain, Japan.
•In India, Maharashtra is the leading state in the cultivation of strawberry.
•Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir are other
strawberry growing states.
•India export strawberry mainly to Austria, Bangladesh, Germany.
AREA (000ha) PRODUCTION
(000MT)
2 18

•According to NHB (2019-2020).

 SOIL AND CLILMATE
 Strawberry grow best in the temperate climate.
 But it can be also grow in sub- tropical region.
 Optimum temperature for the strawberry cultivation is 20-
22◦C in day and night temperature should be 7-13◦C.
 Shallow, well drained loamy soil is best for the cultivation of
strawberry.
 pH of soil should be 5.0-6.5.
•CULTIVARS OF STRAWBERRY
Ofra 1.Highest vitamin C content (88mg
per 100gram).
2. High sugar content – 7.73%.
Camarosa 1. Wedge in shape.
2. Sweet flavour.
Chandler 1.Wild cultivar.
2. Shinny skin.
3. Shape varies from conical to
wedge.
Tigora 1.Virus resistant.
2.Used in processing.
Torrey 1.Large sized fruits.
2.Used in processing.
Pajaro 1. Tolerant to viruses.
2. Successful in summer.
CONTI…
1. CAMAROSA:
Has sweet and juicy taste.
Easy to grow in small garden.
Has bright red colour.
Has large berry size.
Has wedged shape.
CAMAROSA
2. CHANDLER:
Wild cultivar of strawberry.
It has shiny skin.
Its shape is very from conical to
wedge.
Fruit is suitable for fresh market
and for processing. CHANDLER
Average berry weight is 15-18g.
3. TORREY:
It is resistant to viruses.
It produces numerous runners.
Firmness of fruit is medium.
It is good dessert variety.
Has good quality for processing. TORREY
• PROPAGATION:
 Propagation means multiplication of
plants.
 Propagation of strawberry is done by
runners.
 Propagation by runners is a
vegetative method of propagation.
 Seed propagation in strawberry has
little importance.
 A single plant of strawberry can
produces 12-18 runners.
 Runner production can be
stimulated by using IBA @ 100 ppm
about 10days before flowering.
• MICROPROPAGATION:
Micro – propagation through tissue
culture has emerged as the most
widely used and viable technique
for large scale production of
planting material.
Strawberry plants are often
produced through tissue culture to
have virus free material.
• PLANTING OPERATIONS :
 Before planting, the soil should be prepared well and
remove all the weeds.
 While preparing land, soil should not be in wet condition
and making the fine tilth.
 There should be proper drainage for excess rain water.
 Planting should be done on well prepared raised beds, or
flat beds, hill rows or matted rows during August –
September.
 In hilly areas, transplanting is done in March – April and
September – October.
 In semi – arid of Punjab, strawberry given micro –
irrigation planted in mid – September enhanced plant
growth and resulted early flowering(77 days) and fruiting
(33 days).
• CONTI…
 In plains transplanting is done October –
November.
 In Maharashtra, transplanting is done November
– December.
REGIONS TRANSPLANTING
HILLS MARCH – APRIL/ SEPTEMBER -
OCTOBER
PLAINS OCTOBER - NOVEMBER
MAHARASHTRA NOVEMBER- DECEMBER
• SYSTEMS OF PLANTING

SYSTEM SPACING
MATTED ROWS 90×45 cm (runners)
Width of mat 40 – 45 cm
SPACED BEDS 90×30cm or 90×50 cm
MID – HILL PLANTING 30×60 cm
• POLLINATION, FLOWERING AND FRUITING:
 Pollination in strawberry is both self and cross.
 Pollinator is honey bee (Apis mellifera).
 Type of inflorescence – Dichotomic raceme.
 Strawberry bears two types of flowers –
hermaphrodite and pistillate flowers.
 Flowers are in clusters and each flower contains
five petals and five sepals.
 Flowers are white in colour.
 Fruit type of strawberry – Etaerio of achens.
 Fruits follow simple sigmoid growth pattern.
• MANURE AND FERTILIZERS:
 For annual cropping 70-80t FYM /ha.
 Pre- planting application of 20t FYM/ha.
 N:P:K (20:40:40)kg/ha basal dressing.
 40kg P and 80 kg K per ha for annual application.
 Foliar application pf urea 2%, ZnSO4 0.5%, CaSo4
0.5% and boric acid( H3BO3) 0.2%.
IRRIGARTION:
 Regular watering to the plants of strawberry
is very important for stable production.
 It is a shallow- rooted plant that requires
more frequent but less amount of water in
each irrigation.
 Optimum irrigation improves the size and
general appearance of berry.
 It also helps to enhance the yield.
 Early planting requires more irrigation as sprinkl
er
method

runners are actively growing and will not

with stand dry conditions.
 Late plantation requires less irrigation.
 The soil should always be just kept moist for
good growth of plant.
 During September – October,
irrigation should be given
twice a week.
 Irrigation interval should be
kept weekly in November
and fortnightly in December
Dri irrigatio
– January. p n
 Irrigation is applied in
furrows between the rows.
 Drip and sprinkler methods
of irrigation are more
suitable for strawberry
plantation. furrows
irrigation
• WEED CONTROL
• Weeds creates very serious
problem in strawberry fields.
Weeds compete with strawberry
for the nutrients and moisture.
Weeds reduced yield and quality
of fruit.
Motha/nutgrass is very serious Cyperus rotundus
weed in strawberry.
Mulching is used for the control
of weeds.
Black mulch is very effective.
Stomp 5l/ha and simazine
MULCHING:
 Mulching means covering of soil surface with organic or
inorganic material.
 Example – plastic sheets, paddy straw, saw dust, grain
straw.
MULCHING
 Mulching is very useful practice in the field of strawberry.
Suppress Maintain
Moisture
the temperat
conservat
growth of ure of
ion.
weeds. soil.
Reduces
pest and
diseases
infection.
ORGANIC INORGANIC
MULCH MULCH
HARVESTING:
Strawberry plants starts fruiting after 3-4
months of planting.
The fruit ripen from end February – April in
plains and during may in hills.
Fruits are harvested along with the caps still
attached and with their stalks when 50% of
the surface has attained red colour.
Fruits harvested at 75%red colour, this colour
forms within 1-2 days with 21◦C temperature.
CONTI..
Strawberries do not mature uniformly, as such
harvesting should be completed in may
pickings.
After harvest, fruits should be kept under shade
to avoid damage due to excessive heat.
The taste of berry depends upon the sugar, acid
and aroma.
The fruits can be stored upto 10 days in cold
storage at 32◦F.
INSECT- PESTS
NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME MANAGEMENT
WHITE GRUBS Phyllophaga spp. Use chlorpyriphos
0.1% during March
and also give deep
ploughing.
LEAF ROLLER Ancylis comptana use microbial
insecticide Bacillus
thuringiensis
HAIRY Euproctis Spray malathion
CATERPILLARS chrysorrhoea (Linnae 0.05% (50 EC in 200l
us) water)
CUT WORMS Agrotis ipsilon Use chlorpyriphos
Hufnagel 0.1% during March
and also give deep
ploughing.

FRUIT BORER Helicoverpa armigera Spray malathion

 LEAF ROLLER
WHITE
GRUBS

HAIRY CUT WORMS

CATERPILLARS
DISEASES
NAME CAUSAL TYP MANAGEMENT
ORGANISM E

LEAF Mycosphaerel Fung 1.Use Bordeaux mixture

SPOT la fragariae us (CuSO4 800g + CaO 800g +
10 l water) at 10-15 days
interval.
2. Use carbendazim (100g in
200l water)
ANTHRAC Colletotrichu Fung 1.Plantation should be done
NOSE m nymphaeae us in the well- drained field.
2.2.Spray Copper oxychloride
(300g in 100l water).
BLACK Fusarium Fun 1.Virus free plant material
ROOT ROT orthoceras gus should be used.
2. Plantation on the same
field should be avoided.
3. Treat soil before sowing
with 40% formaldehyde
(40ml per litre water)
FRUIT ROT Botrytis Fun 1.Proper sanitation.
cinerea gus 2.Do not allow fruits to
touch the soil.
3.Use black platic mulch.
4.Spray
carbendazim@100g per
200 l water just after
blossom open and
repeat after 15 days.
 LEAF SPOT
BLACK ROOT ROT

FRUIT ROT

ANTHRACNOS
E
PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDER OF
STRAWBERRY
Albinism (lack of fruit colour
during ripening) is a
physiological disorder in
strawberry. It is probably
caused by certain climatic
conditions and extremes in
nutrition. Fruits remain
irregularly pink or even
totally white and sometimes
swollen. They have acid
taste and become less firm
THANK
YOU