Practice Ideal Gases

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Exam Practice

11th grade
Term 3
Topics
• Gas Laws
• Gas Stoichiometry
• Partial Pressures
• Acids and Bases
Acids and Bases Summary
• According to the Arrhenius model:
• Acids are substances that release H+ ions in solution.
• Bases are substances that release OH- ions in solution.
• According to the Bronsted-Lowry model:
• Acids are substances that donate protons (H+ ions).
• Bases are substances that receive protons (H+ ions).
• When acids react with bases, they neutralize each other
and produce salt and water.
• Some substances can behave as either an acid or a base.
Those substances are called amphoteric substances.
Acids and Bases Summary
• The pH scale goes from 0 to 14 and determines if a
substance is an acid or a base.
• If the pH of a substance is lower than 7, it is an acid.
• If the pH of a substance is higher than 7, it is a base.
• If the pH of a substance is exactly 7, it is neutral.
• Indicators change color depending on the pH of a substance.
• Biological functions of acids and bases include the pH
regulation in blood, cellular respiration and the stomach acid
helping in the decomposition of food.
• Acids and bases are used in various industries, such as food,
pharmaceuticals, and manufacturing.
Acids and Bases Summary
• Acids and bases can greatly impact the environment,
resulting in soil acidification or alkalinization, pollution, acid
rain, among other effects.
• For some crops to be produced ideally, the soil must have
some specific pH ranges.
• For safety, it is mandatory to use lab coats, goggles, and
gloves when manipulating acids and bases.
• It is recommended to store acids and bases near other compounds
they cannot react with.
• Also, when making solutions, it is advised to pour the acid or base
in the water and not vice versa, to avoid intense reactions and
spilling.
Gas Laws (Critical Thinking)
• Give an example of a situation where the
following gas laws can be applied:
• Boyle’s Law
• Charles’ Law
• Avogadro’s Law
• Gay-Lussac’s Law
Gas Laws
• Mention the four main properties of a gas.
• Name the variables that remain constant in
Charles’ Law.
• Name the variables that can change in
Avogadro’s Law
• Explain the relation of the variables in Gay-
Lussac’s Law.
• Explain why temperature must be in Kelvins in
all gas law calculations.
Gas Stoichiometry

Find the volume of H2 at STP that can be obtained


from the reaction of 30g of Fe and 60g of H2SO4.

Note: STP means standard temperature and pressure (0ºC and 1atm).
Note: Do stoichiometry first to get moles of H2 and then apply PV=nRT to
obtain volume.
Note: The smallest volume is the correct answer (applying the limiting
reactant concept).
Gas Stoichiometry

Note: STP means standard temperature and pressure (0ºC and 1atm).
Note: Apply PV=nRT to obtain moles of O2, then do stoichiometry to get
grams of Al.
Gas
Stoichiometry

Note: STP means standard temperature and pressure (0ºC and


1atm).
Note: The only gas in the reaction is N2, so apply PV=nRT to
obtain moles of N2, then do stoichiometry to get grams of NaN3.
Partial Pressures
• You can refer to the PPT sent to you with all the
practices for the Partial Pressure topic.

Recommendations
• It is important that you know how to balance chemical reactions.
• It is important that you know how to calculate molar mass.
• You will need to bring your periodic table, calculator, pencil, and
eraser.

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