Practice Ideal Gases
Practice Ideal Gases
Practice Ideal Gases
11th grade
Term 3
Topics
• Gas Laws
• Gas Stoichiometry
• Partial Pressures
• Acids and Bases
Acids and Bases Summary
• According to the Arrhenius model:
• Acids are substances that release H+ ions in solution.
• Bases are substances that release OH- ions in solution.
• According to the Bronsted-Lowry model:
• Acids are substances that donate protons (H+ ions).
• Bases are substances that receive protons (H+ ions).
• When acids react with bases, they neutralize each other
and produce salt and water.
• Some substances can behave as either an acid or a base.
Those substances are called amphoteric substances.
Acids and Bases Summary
• The pH scale goes from 0 to 14 and determines if a
substance is an acid or a base.
• If the pH of a substance is lower than 7, it is an acid.
• If the pH of a substance is higher than 7, it is a base.
• If the pH of a substance is exactly 7, it is neutral.
• Indicators change color depending on the pH of a substance.
• Biological functions of acids and bases include the pH
regulation in blood, cellular respiration and the stomach acid
helping in the decomposition of food.
• Acids and bases are used in various industries, such as food,
pharmaceuticals, and manufacturing.
Acids and Bases Summary
• Acids and bases can greatly impact the environment,
resulting in soil acidification or alkalinization, pollution, acid
rain, among other effects.
• For some crops to be produced ideally, the soil must have
some specific pH ranges.
• For safety, it is mandatory to use lab coats, goggles, and
gloves when manipulating acids and bases.
• It is recommended to store acids and bases near other compounds
they cannot react with.
• Also, when making solutions, it is advised to pour the acid or base
in the water and not vice versa, to avoid intense reactions and
spilling.
Gas Laws (Critical Thinking)
• Give an example of a situation where the
following gas laws can be applied:
• Boyle’s Law
• Charles’ Law
• Avogadro’s Law
• Gay-Lussac’s Law
Gas Laws
• Mention the four main properties of a gas.
• Name the variables that remain constant in
Charles’ Law.
• Name the variables that can change in
Avogadro’s Law
• Explain the relation of the variables in Gay-
Lussac’s Law.
• Explain why temperature must be in Kelvins in
all gas law calculations.
Gas Stoichiometry
Note: STP means standard temperature and pressure (0ºC and 1atm).
Note: Do stoichiometry first to get moles of H2 and then apply PV=nRT to
obtain volume.
Note: The smallest volume is the correct answer (applying the limiting
reactant concept).
Gas Stoichiometry
Note: STP means standard temperature and pressure (0ºC and 1atm).
Note: Apply PV=nRT to obtain moles of O2, then do stoichiometry to get
grams of Al.
Gas
Stoichiometry
Recommendations
• It is important that you know how to balance chemical reactions.
• It is important that you know how to calculate molar mass.
• You will need to bring your periodic table, calculator, pencil, and
eraser.