Topic: Unsupervised Machine Learning Course: Machine Learning

Machine Learning (VR17)

IV B.Tech – I Semester
UNIT-1
Lecture:3
Topic: Unsupervised Machine Learning

COURSE INSTRUCTOR:
Dr.R.Umamaheswari
Assoc.prof & HoD ECM

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 Topic: Unsupervised Machine Learning Course: Machine Learning

Unsupervised Machine Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning in which models are trained

using unlabeled dataset and are allowed to act on that data without any
supervision.

There may be many cases in which we do not have labelled data and need to find
the hidden patterns from the given dataset.

So, to solve such types of cases in machine learning, we need unsupervised

learning techniques.

As the name suggests, unsupervised learning is a machine learning technique in

which models are not supervised using training dataset. Instead, models itself find
the hidden patterns and insights from the given data. It can be compared to
learning which takes place in the human brain while learning new things.
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 Topic: Unsupervised Machine Learning Course: Machine Learning

Unsupervised Machine Learning

Unsupervised learning cannot be directly applied to a regression or classification

problem because unlike supervised learning, we have the input data but no
corresponding output data.

The goal of unsupervised learning is to find the underlying structure of dataset,

group that data according to similarities, and represent that dataset in a
compressed format.

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 Topic: Unsupervised Machine Learning Course: Machine Learning

Why use Unsupervised Learning?

Unsupervised learning is helpful for finding useful insights from the data.

Unsupervised learning is much similar as a human learns to think by their own

experiences, which makes it closer to the real AI.

Unsupervised learning works on unlabeled and uncategorized data which make

unsupervised learning more important.

In real-world, we do not always have input data with the corresponding output
so to solve such cases, we need unsupervised learning.

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 Topic: Unsupervised Machine Learning Course: Machine Learning

How UnSupervised Learning Works?

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 Topic: Unsupervised Machine Learning Course: Machine Learning

Here, we have taken an unlabeled input data, which means it is not categorized
and corresponding outputs are also not given.

Now, this unlabeled input data is fed to the machine learning model in order to
train it.

 Firstly, it will interpret the raw data to find the hidden patterns from the data
and then will apply suitable algorithms such as k-means clustering, Decision tree,
etc.

Once it applies the suitable algorithm, the algorithm divides the data objects into
groups according to the similarities and difference between the objects.

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 Topic: Unsupervised Machine Learning Course: Machine Learning

Types of Unsupervised Learning Algorithm:

Clustering: Clustering is a method of grouping the objects into clusters such

that objects with most similarities remains into a group and has less or no
similarities with the objects of another group.
Cluster analysis finds the commonalities between the data objects and
categorizes them as per the presence and absence of those commonalities.

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 Topic: Unsupervised Machine Learning Course: Machine Learning

Association: An association rule is an unsupervised learning method

which is used for finding the relationships between variables in the
large database. It determines the set of items that occurs together in
the dataset.
Association rule makes marketing strategy more effective. Such as
people who buy X item (suppose a bread) are also tend to purchase Y
(Butter/Jam) item. A typical example of Association rule is Market
Basket Analysis.

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 Topic: Unsupervised Machine Learning Course: Machine Learning

Unsupervised Learning algorithms:

K-means clustering

KNN (k-nearest neighbors)

Hierarchal clustering

Anomaly detection

Neural Networks

Principle Component Analysis

Independent Component Analysis

Apriori algorithm

Singular value decomposition

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 Topic: Unsupervised Machine Learning Course: Machine Learning

Advantages of Unsupervised learning:

Unsupervised learning is used for more complex tasks as compared

to supervised learning because, in unsupervised learning, we don't
have labelled input data.

Unsupervised learning is preferable as it is easy to get unlabeled

data in comparison to labelled data

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 Topic: Unsupervised Machine Learning Course: Machine Learning

Disadvantages of Unsupervised learning:

Unsupervised learning is intrinsically more difficult than

supervised learning as it does not have corresponding output.

The result of the unsupervised learning algorithm might be less

accurate as input data is not labeled, and algorithms do not
know the exact output in advance

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 Topic: Unsupervised Machine Learning Course: Machine Learning

Differences between Supervised and Unsupervised learning:

Supervised Learning Unsupervised Learning

Supervised learning algorithms are trained Unsupervised learning algorithms are

using labelled data. trained using unlabelled data.

Supervised learning model takes direct Unsupervised learning model does not take
feedback to check if it is predicting correct any feedback.
output or not.

Supervised learning model predicts the Unsupervised learning model finds the
output. hidden patterns in data.

In supervised learning, input data is In unsupervised learning, only input data is

provided to the model along with the provided to the model.
output.

The goal of supervised learning is to train The goal of unsupervised learning is to find
the model so that it can predict the output the hidden patterns and useful insights from
when it is given new data. the unknown dataset.

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 Topic: Unsupervised Machine Learning Course: Machine Learning

Contd...:
Supervised Learning Unsupervised Learning
In supervised learning, input data is provided In unsupervised learning, only input data is
to the model along with the output. provided to the model.

The goal of supervised learning is to train the The goal of unsupervised learning is to find
model so that it can predict the output when the hidden patterns and useful insights from
it is given new data. the unknown dataset.

Supervised learning needs supervision to Unsupervised learning does not need any
train the model. supervision to train the model.

Supervised learning can be categorized Unsupervised Learning can be classified

in Classification and Regression problems. in Clustering and Associations problems.

Supervised learning can be used for those Unsupervised learning can be used for those
cases where we know the input as well as cases where we have only input data and no
corresponding outputs. corresponding output data.

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 Topic: Unsupervised Machine Learning Course: Machine Learning

Cont....
Supervised Learning Unsupervised Learning

Supervised learning model produces an Unsupervised learning model may give less
accurate result. accurate result as compared to supervised
learning.

Supervised learning is not close to true Unsupervised learning is more close to the
Artificial intelligence as in this, we first train true Artificial Intelligence as it learns similarly
the model for each data, and then only it can as a child learns daily routine things by his
predict the correct output. experiences.

It includes various algorithms such as Linear It includes various algorithms such as

Regression, Logistic Regression, Support Clustering, KNN, and Apriori algorithm
Vector Machine, Multi-class Classification,
Decision tree, Bayesian Logic, etc.

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 Topic: Unsupervised Machine Learning Course: Machine Learning

Thank You

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