What Is Mamagement 1421
What Is Mamagement 1421
What Is Mamagement 1421
1. Planning
2. Organising
3. Staffing
4. Directing
5. Co-ordinating
6. Reporting
7. Budgeting
Planning
A budget is a spending
plan based on income and
expenses. In other words,
it's an estimate of how
much money you'll make
and spend over a certain
period of time, such as a
month or year.25 Apr
2024
The hawthorne
experiments
Elton mayo and his group conducted
studies at hathorne plant of western
electric co. (1924-32). Their aim was
to study the relation ship between
physical factors and production. But
they ended up proving the
relationship
Between human social fectore and
production their finding are relevent
even today. These studies are
considered to be the most important
event in the history of O.B.
The Hawthorne Experiment, or Hawthorne Studies, refers to a series of research
studies conducted in the late 1920s and early 1932s at the Western Electric
Hawthorne Works in Chicago. The research initially aimed to examine the effects
of physical work conditions on employee productivity, particularly lighting levels.
However, the findings revealed that social and psychological factors were more
influential than physical conditions.The studies found that workers' productivity
increased when they received attention and were involved in the research
process, a phenomenon now known as the "Hawthorne Effect." This effect
suggests that individuals may change their behavior in response to being
observed or receiving attention, rather than changes in the actual working
conditions. The Hawthorne Studies have had a lasting impact on industrial
psychology and management practices, highlighting the importance of employee
motivation and engagement.
Defination of
hawthorne studies
The hawthorne studies were conducted from1924-
1932 at the western electric hawthorne work in
chicago , where harvard business school professer
elton mayo examined productivity and work
condition.”
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