LANGUAGE and

COMMUNICATION
Purposive Communication

Ricky Gelido
CONTENTS

TYPES OF
01 THE NATURE OF 02
COMMUNICATION
LANGUAGE
. .

03. COMMUNICATION
ETHICS
PROCESSES, PRINCIPLES, AND
LESSON 1
WHAT IS
LANGUAGE?
Additional
notes
Language contact and
change

In our interaction with other people, our languages

come into contact with their languages, resulting
to language change. Language change is a
natural behavior of all languages.

Use language
effectively and
productively

Language is a complex human capacity. It is,

therefore important to be aware of its features and
behavior to be able to use language more
effectively and productively in communicating
with other.
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this

lesson, you should be
able to:

1.demonstrate an understanding of the

key ideas in language and
communication; and

2. relate your personal experience with

the input presented
Language is a human capacity that
consists of
Phonology
system of sounds

Grammar Lexicon
system of rules vocabulary
 Terminologies
people sharing the same
set of rules in the
language system Speech Community

the process of acquiring

languages used by the
Language Acquisition speech community

the language(s) acquire

while growing up.
Also called as First Mother Tongues
Languages
Languages learned by
studying formally in school
or informally on their own.
Language Learning
*Second Languages
LOGO

LESSON 2
TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
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 LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1.demonstrate knowledge about the role of language in human

communication;

2. identify the types of communication in relation to communication

mode, context, and purpose and style;

3. differentiate verbal, non-verbal, and visual communication and their

sub-forms in relation to communication modes;

4. evaluate the differences among intrapersonal, interpersonal,

extended, organizational, and intercultural communication in relation to
communication context;

5. explain the differences between formal and informal communication

in relation to purpose and style;
6. discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different
communication types in various communication settings
What is
communication?
the exchange of thoughts, ideas,
concepts, and views between or
among two or more people.
NOTE: Various contexts come
into play.
What is context?
the circumstance or environment
in which communication takes
place.
What is context?
Context

the circumstance or environment

in which communication takes
place.

NOTE: Various contexts come into

play.
Context

the physical or actual

setting
01

the value positions of a

speaker/listener
02

03 the relevance or
appropriateness of a
message conveyed
Additional
notes
Different contexts can impact
one’s communication

Each communication type is

governed by particular
circumstance

Thus, it is essential to pay

attention to the interplay of
factors surrounding the
context of communications
Communication
classification

PURPOSE &
MODE CONTEXT
STYLE
Types of Communication
According to MODE

VERBAL NON-VERBAL VISUAL

the use of gestures, signs, maps,
words, facial graphs,
voice expressions, charts,
bodily posture diagrams,
pictorams,
infographics
 Types of Communication According to
Context
● intra - within / inside INTRAPERSONA
● self-talk, self- L
affirmation
● inner speech ●inter- between,
INTERPERSONA among, together
L ●interactive exchange

● use of electronic
media EXTENDED

organization
ORGANIZATIONA comprises of
between/among people L
individuals working
having different
in a company
linguistic, religious,
INTERCULTURA
ethnic, social, and L
professional
backgrounds
Types of Communication According to
Context ● intra - within / inside INTRAPERSONA
● self-talk, self-affirmation L
● inner speech, introspection

https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/self-talk#:~:text=Research%20shows%20that%20positive%20self,treat%20peopl
e%20with%20eating%20disorders
Types of Communication According to
Context INTRAPERSONA
L

https://www.healthline.com/hea
lth/positive-self-talk#examples-
of-positive-self--talk
 Types of Communication According to
Context
INTERPERSONA
●inter- between,
among, together
L ●interactive exchange

Interpersonal
● if it is meant to establish or deepen one’s relationship with others
● less serious, less formal

Transactional
● if the objective is to achieve something at the end of the
conversation.
● more formal, profound
 Types of Communication According to
Context ● use of electronic
media EXTENDED

● television, radio, phone conferencing, video-conferencing, live

streaming
● quick transmission of messages
● Your own thinking, behavior, and attitude may be influenced by
other people and you may be persuaded
● Important:
○ Weigh what you hear
○ Assess them against your beliefs so you do not get easily
swayed by other people’s convictions
 Types of Communication According to
Context
ORGANIZATIONA organization comprises of individuals
L working in a company

● A set of rules or standards for communication protocol should be

made clear so that interaction patterns are established
● Be equipped with the needed oral and written communication skills
that the organization expects you to possess
● Two types of organizational structure:
■ Formal - via designated channels of message flow between
positions in the organization
■ Informal - from unofficial channels of message flow
 Types of Communication According to
Context
ORGANIZATIONA organization comprises of individuals
L working in a company

● Four approaches in FORMAL:

■ Downward - upper to lower positions; top-down
■ Upward - bottom-up
■ Horizontal - lateral; belonging to the same level but coming
from different departments or units
■ Crosswise - diagonal in nature
● Note: these structures are usually presented in the company’s
organizational chart and policy manuals
 Types of Communication According to
Context
ORGANIZATIONA organization comprises of individuals
L working in a company

● Two types of organizational structure:

■ Formal - via designated channels of message flow between
positions in the organization
■ Informal - from unofficial channels of message flow; grapevine
● This occurs due to the dissatisfaction of some employees
accompanied by uncertainty
 Types of Communication According to
Context
ORGANIZATIONA organization comprises of individuals
L working in a company

● Organizational Culture
● Based on its history and development, an organization develops its
own core values, vision and mission statements, goals, and
objectives
● Organizational culture is of utmost significance since it will dictate
the kind of behavior that employees should possess
● “Company cultures are like country cultures. Never try to change
one. Try instead, to work, with what you’ve got.” - Peter Drucker
 Types of Communication According to
Context
between/among people having different INTERCULTURA
linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and L
professional backgrounds

● Non-verbal communication
● Linguistic differences: lexicon, phonology
■ Example: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9uJ5wW2UpJA
■ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4oispNnwyA
■ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9OB72GZOS4c
Types of Communication According to
Purpose & Style
Focus on the communication setting and mode of
delivery

● does not employ formal 0

language FORMAL 1
● personal, ordinary
conversations, talks, phone
● employs formal language
calls, personal notes, text
delivered orally or in
messages
written form
● lectures, public
0
2 INFORMAL speeches, project
proposals, business
letters
● inform, entertain,
persuade
 LESSON 3
COMMUNICATIO
N PROCESSES,
PRINCIPLES,
& ETHICS
 LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1.explain the various communication models and how they

help in understanding the communication process;
2.identify the variables involved in the communication process;
3.discuss the value of communication in enhancing one’s
personal and professional relationships;
4.determine the principles for effective oral and written
communication;
5.evaluate the differences between oral and written
communication;
6.point out the ethical issues involved in communication; and
7.recognize the importance of a code of ethics in
communication
 COMMUNICATION MODELS

They will help you understand how a communication process works

It is only by knowing the flow of communication that you will be able to

make the communication process effective.

A model is a representation of a real world phenomenon applied to different

forms.

Assess the communication models and what variables are common to each
of them.
 COMMUNICATION MODELS

Aristotle’s Shannon-Weaver’s
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Laswell’s Berlo’s
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行业 PPT 模板 http://www.1ppt.com/hangye/
ARISTOTLE’S MODEL

● Without the speaker, no speech produced

● Speaker adjust speech depending on the audience
● Audience demographics: age, sex, background, culture, race,
religion, social and economic status, beliefs, views, attitudes
ARISTOTLE’S MODEL

● What is the rhetorical triangle? How important is each

element?
● What are some criticisms on Aristotle’s model?

May you find these helpful:

● https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/RhetoricalTriangle.htm
● https://www.managementstudyguide.com/aristotle-model-of-communication.htm
● https://www.marketing91.com/aristotles-model-of-communication/
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9L_G82HH9Tg
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2dEuMFR8kw
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rFcCFEeOEeg
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmR58_dqLxY
LASSWELL’S MODEL
SHANNON-WEAVER’S MODEL
BERLO’S MODEL
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION

● Know your purpose

● Know your audience
● Know your topic
● Adjust your speech to the context
● Work on the feedback given
PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE ORAL COMMUNICATION

● Be clear with your purpose

● Be complete with the message you deliver
● Be concise
● Be natural with your delivery
● Be specific and timely with your feedback
PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE WRITTEN
COMMUNICATION: THE 7 C’s

● Clarity - what’s the purpose

● Conciseness - stick to the point
● Concreteness - support claims with facts
● Correctness - grammar, information
● Coherence - logical
● Completeness - include necessary and relevant info
● Courtesy - friendly

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYBw9-8eCuM&t=42s
ETHICS OF COMMUNICATION

● Communication ethics emphasizes that morals influence the

behavior of an individual, group or organization, thereby
affecting the communication
○ Establish an effective value system that will pave the way
for the development of your integrity as a person
○ Provide complete and accurate information
○ Disclose vital information adequately and appropriately.
● A code of ethics is important for any organization. Without it,
confusion, misunderstandings, and conflicts arise within the
structure since there are no standards to be observed.
ETHICS OF COMMUNICATION

5 Golden Rules on Ethics:

1. Truthfulness and honesty – no deceit; factual statements

2. Integrity – moral responsibility; not compromised
3. Fairness – impartial; strong sense of balance
4. Respect – sign of courtesy and goodwill; not being tactless
5. Responsibility – being accountable for one’s actions
 LOGO

Thank you
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