Information and Communication Technology

Learning Goals:

1. Narrate the etymology of ICT and its impact to Philippine

economy
2. Identify varied online platforms and sites.
3. Evaluate existing online creation tools, platforms and
applications in developing ICT content.
Information and Communication Technology

Information Technology:
“the technology involving the development, maintenance, and
use of computer systems, software, and networks for the
processing and distribution of data”, Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Communication Technology:
describe telecommunications equipment through which
information can be sought and accessed
Information and Communication Technology

Define as:
use of different technological inventions, as
well as software and applications to locate,
save, send, and manipulate information

integration of information processing,

computing and communication technologies
 like mobile phones,
telephones, computer,
Internet, and other
devices
Origin of COMPUTER
• 4 Basic Periods
• 5 Generations of Computing
Premechanical Period

Around 3000 BCE. During this time , human started

communicating with one another using words and pictograms
curved in rocks. They started to write symbols.
a. Writing and Alphabets– Communication
b. Paper and Pens – Input Technologies
c. Books and Libraries - Permanent Storage Devices
d. The First Numbering Systems : Egyptian System
e. The First Calculator : Abacus
 Mechanical Period
Served as the bridge between our current period and the
premechanical period. Started around 1450-1840. The
interest in automating and speeding up numerical calculation
and communication grew.
a. The First Information Explosion
b. Slide rules, The Pascaline and Leibniz’s Machine
c. Joseph Marie Jacquard’s Loom
d. Charles Babbage : Father of Computer
e. Augusta Ada Byron (1815-1852)
Electromechanical Period
This period started around 1840-1940. The use of
electricity for information handling and transfer bloomed.
This period saw the use of the telegraph to transmit
information over long distances.
a. Voltaic Battery
b. Telegraph
c. Morse code
d. Telephone and Radio
e. Herman Hollerith and IBM
 Electronic Period
It started in 1940’s and continues to the present. The
highlight of this period is focused on the advent of Solid
State Devices or Electronic Devices.
a. First tries of Electronic Vacuum Tubes
b. Eckert and Mauchly
c. The first general-purpose for commercial use:
Universal Automatic Computer ( UNIVAC)
d. Lyons Electronic Office (LEO)
CUNEIFORM from the Latin
word cuneus for 'wedge' owing to
the wedge-shaped style of writing.
In cuneiform, a carefully cut
writing implement known as a
stylus is pressed into soft clay to
produce wedge-like impressions
that represent word-signs
(pictographs) and, later,
phonograms or `word-concepts'
(closer to a modern-day
understanding of a `word').
Egyptians used reed brushes or pens
(made of reed straw or bamboo) to
produce hieroglyphic and hieratic
writings on papyrus scrolls. They used
papyrus until the first few centuries AD.
Papyrus was an effective writing
surface because it was thin, light and
flexible
Romans wrote on wooden tablets with
the sheets of wax. They used a metal
stylus as a writing instrument.
Europeans also used parchment and
wax tablets during the Dark Ages. They
used a metal or bone stylus as a
writing instrument.
Permanent Storage Devices

Religious leaders in Mesopotamia

kept the earliest "books"

The Egyptians kept scrolls.

Around 600 B.C., the Greeks began

to fold sheets of papyrus vertically
into leaves and bind them together.
The first numbering systems
similar to those in use today
were invented between 100
and 200 A.D. by Hindus in
India who created a nine-
digit numbering system
The First Calculator

One of the very first

information processors
First Mechanical
Computing Machines
Jacquard’s Loom is a device fitted to
a loom that simplifies the process of
manufacturing textiles with such
complex patterns
Designed during the 1830s
Parts remarkably similar to modern-day
computers. The "store“, the "mill“,
Punch cards
Punch card idea picked up by Babbage
from Joseph Marie Jacquard's (1752-
1834) loom.
Binary logic
Fixed program that would operate
in real time.
 Difference Engine

Invented two Thinking

Machines originated the concept
of a digital programmable
computer
Analytical Engine
The first programmer
The first electrical battery that
could continuously provide an
electric current to a circuit.

It was invented by Italian

physicist Alessandro Volta
The long-distance
transmission of textual
messages where the
sender uses symbolic
codes, known to the
recipient, rather than a
physical exchange of an
object bearing the
message
a method used in
telecommunication to
encode text characters as
standardized sequences
of two different signal
durations, called dots and
dashes or dits and dahs

Named after Samuel

Morse, an inventor of the
telegraph
Followed by the discovery
that electrical waves travel
through space and can
produce an effect far from
the point at which they
originated by Alexander
Graham Bell
as an American businessman,
inventor, and statistician who
developed an
electromechanical tabulating
machine for punched cards to
assist in summarizing
information and, later, in
accounting
 Mark 1
Paper tape stored data
and program
instructions.

Howard Aiken,
a Ph.D. student at Harvard
University built the Mark I
• Completed January 1942
• 8 feet tall, 51 feet long, 2
feet thick, weighed 5
tons, used about 750,000
parts
is a device that controls
electric current flow in a
high vacuum between
electrodes to which an
electric potential
difference has been
applied
The First High-Speed, General-
Purpose Computer Using
Vacuum Tubes:
Electronic Numerical Integrator
and Computer (ENIAC)
Used vacuum tubes to do its
calculations.
Hence, first electronic computer.
Developers John Mauchly, a physicist,
and J. Prosper Eckert, an electrical
engineer
Funded by the U.S. Army.
But it could not store its programs (its
set of instructions)
Early 1940s, Mauchly and Eckert began to design
the EDVAC - the Electronic Discreet Variable Computer.

John von Neumann's influential report in June 1945: "The

Report on the EDVAC"
British scientists used this report and outpaced the
Americans.

Max Newman headed up the effort at Manchester University

where the Manchester Mark I went into operation in June
1948--becoming the first stored-program computer.

Maurice Wilkes, a British scientist at Cambridge University,

completed the EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage
Automatic Calculator) in 1949--two years before EDVAC
was finished.

Thus, EDSAC became the first stored-program computer in

general use (i.e., not a prototype).
 The First General-Purpose Computer
for Commercial Use: Universal Automatic
Computer (UNIVAC).

Late 1940s, Eckert and Mauchly began the

development a computer called UNIVAC (Universal
Automatic Computer)

First UNIVAC delivered to Census Bureau in 1951.

But, a machine called LEO
(Lyons Electronic Office)
went into action a few
months before UNIVAC and
became the world's first
commercial computer.
1940 – 1956: First Generation – Vacuum Tubes
These computers were limited to solving one
problem at a time.

Input was based on punched cards and paper tape.

Output came out on print-outs.

The two notable machines of this era were the UNIVAC

and ENIAC machines – the UNIVAC is the first every
commercial computer which was purchased in 1951 by
a business – the US Census Bureau.
 1956 – 1963: Second Generation – Transistors

Despite still subjecting computers to damaging levels of

heat, it make computers smaller, faster, cheaper and less
heavy on electricity use.

They still relied on punched card for input/printouts.

Transistor-driven machines were the first computers to

store instructions into their memories
he language evolved from cryptic binary language to
symbolic (‘assembly’) languages.

This meant programmers could create instructions in

words. About the same time high level programming
languages were being developed (early versions of
COBOL and FORTRAN)
 1964 – 1971: Third Generation – Integrated Circuits
Transistors were now being miniaturised and put on
silicon chips (called semiconductors).
This led to a massive increase in speed and
efficiency of these machines. Users interacted
using keyboards and monitors which interfaced with
an operating system
This enabled these machines to run several
applications at once using a central program which
functioned to monitor memory.

Machines are much cheaper and smaller

 1972 – 2010: Fourth Generation – Microprocessors
The chip-maker Intel developed the Intel 4004 chip in
1971, which positioned all computer components (CPU,
memory, input/output controls) onto a single chip. What
filled a room in the 1940s now fit in the palm of the hand.

The Intel chip housed thousands of integrated circuits.

Computers meant they could be linked, creating networks.
Which ultimately led to the development, birth and rapid
evolution of the Internet.

Other major advances during this period have been the

Graphical user interface (GUI), the mouse and more
recently the astounding advances in lap-top capability and
hand-held devices.
 2010- : Fifth Generation – Artificial Intelligence

AI is a reality made possible by using

parallel processing and
superconductors. Leaning to the
future, computers will be radically
transformed again by quantum
computation, molecular and nano
technology.
ICT in the Philippines
“ICT Hub of Asia”
Business Process Outsourcing
(Call Centers)

ICT Industry shares 19.3% total

employment population
Annual Survey of Philippines
Business and Industries 2010

Filipinos used the Internet for

transactions in Government Agency,
2017
WEBSITE
collection of publicly accessible, interlinked Web
pages that share a single domain name
all publicly accessible websites constitute the
World Wide Web.Domain Extensions
Government agency websites = .gov
Educational institutions’ websites = .edu
Nonprofit organizations’ websites = .org
Commercial websites = .com
Information sites = .info
WEBPAGE
A Web page is a document for the World Wide Web
that is identified by a unique uniform resource locator
(URL).
 TYPES OF WEBPAGES

WEB 1.0 The Web.

cannot be manipulated by users

WEB 2.0 The Social Web.

users can interact, make comments and user
accounts

WEB 3.0 Semantic Web.

data generated will be shared
 ONLINE PLATFORMS

1. Presentation/Visualization
Platform
Present and share presentations,
infographics and videos with
other people

41
 ONLINE PLATFORMS

2. Cloud Computing
Platform
“The Cloud”,
using a network of
remote servers
hosted on the internet
42
Cloud Computing Platform
Private cloud: A private cloud is a server, data center, or distributed network wholly dedicated to
one organization.

Public cloud: A public cloud is a service run by an external vendor that may include servers in
one or multiple data centers. Unlike a private cloud, public clouds are shared by multiple
organizations. Using virtual machines, individual servers may be shared by different companies, a
situation that is called "multitenancy" because multiple tenants are renting server space within the
same server.

Hybrid cloud: Hybrid cloud deployments combine public and private clouds, and may even
include on-premises legacy servers. An organization may use their private cloud for some services
and their public cloud for others, or they may use the public cloud as backup for their private cloud.

Multicloud: Multicloud is a type of cloud deployment that involves using multiple public clouds. In
other words, an organization with a multicloud deployment rents virtual servers and services from
several external vendors – to continue the analogy used above, this is like leasing several adjacent
plots of land from different landlords. Multicloud deployments can also be hybrid cloud, and vice
versa.
43
 ONLINE PLATFORMS

3. File Management Platform

Used for storing, naming, sorting
and handling of computer files.

44
 ONLINE PLATFORMS

4. Mapping Platform
compilation and publication
of Web sites that provide
exhaustive graphical and
text information in the form
of maps and databases
45
 ONLINE PLATFORMS

5. Social Media Platform

computer-mediated tools that allow
large group of people to create, share
or exchange information, interest
and the information shared can be in
the form of ideas, pictures, videos or
anything that you want to create and
share to virtual communities
46
 SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORM

Social Networks.
95+ Social Networking Sites You Need To
connect with other Know About

people with the https://makeawebsitehub.com/social-media-

sites/
same interests or
background

47
 SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORM
Bookmarking Sites
store and manage Social Bookmarking Sites List 2020
links to various
https://www.expert-seo-training-institute.in/
websites and blog/social-bookmarking-websites-list/

resources

48
 SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORM

Social News
post their own news items or links to other
news sources

49
 SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORM

Media Sharing
upload and share media
content like images,
music, and video

50
 SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORM
Microblogging.
Focus on short updates from the user.
Those subscribed to the user will be able to
receive these updates.
Posts are brief that range typically from 140 – 200
characters

51
 SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORM

Blogs and Forums. post the content

Other users can comment on the said topic

52