LESSON: 2 Legal Foundation of

the Teaching Profession in the

Philippines
Philippine Counstitution and its
provisions on education

Prepared by:
MARINELA B. ROADILLA
 THE 1987
PHILIPPINE
CONSTITUTION
ARTICLE XIV EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,
ARTS, CULTURE AND SPORTS.
• Section 1
The State shall protect and promote the right of all
citizens to quality education at all levels, and shall
take appropriate steps to make such education
accessible to all.
Objectives
• Understand the legal frameworks governing
teachers' rights and responsibilities.
• Analyze the significance of RA 7836 and RA 4670.
• Section 2
(1) Establish, maintain, and support a complete, adequate, and
integrated system of education relevant to the needs of the people
and society;
(2) Establish and maintain, a system of free public education in the
elementary and high school levels. Without limiting the natural
rights of parents to rear their children, elementary education is
compulsory for all children of school age;
(3) Establish and maintain a system of scholarship grants, student
loan programs, subsidies, and other incentives which shall be
available to deserving students in both public and private schools,
especially to the under-privileged;
(4) Encourage non-formal, informal, and indigenous learning
systems, as well as self-learning, independent, and out-of-
school study programs particularly those that respond to
community needs; and
(5) Provide adult citizens, the disabled, and out-of-school
youth with training in civics, vocational efficiency, and other
skills.
• Section 5
(1) The State shall take into account regional and sectoral needs
and conditions and shall encourage local planning in the
development of educational policies and programs.
(2) Academic freedom shall be enjoyed in all institutions of higher
learning.
(3) Every citizen has a right to select a profession or course of
study, subject to fair, reasonable, and equitable admission and
academic requirements.
(4) The State shall enhance the right of teachers to professional
advancement. Non-teaching academic and non-academic
personnel shall enjoy the protection of the State.
(5) The State shall assign the highest budgetary priority to education
and ensure that teaching will attract and retain its rightful share of the
best available talents through adequate remuneration and other
means of job satisfaction and fulfilment.
 EDUCATIONAL ACT OF
1982 (Batas Pambansa
This was an act providingBIg. 232)
for the establishment and maintenance of an
integrated system of education, In annardanan with Section 2 this act shall
apply to a govern both formal and non-formal system public and private
schools in all levels of the entire educational system.

As provided by this Act, the national development goals are as follows:

1. To achieve and maintain an accelerating rate of economic development
and social progress.
2. To assure the maximum participation of all the people in the attainment
and enjoyment of the benefits of such growth
3. To achieve and strengthen national unity and consciousness and preserve,
develop and promote desirable cultural, moral and spiritual values in
changing world
It is also stated in Section 3 that:
The State shall promote the right of every individual to relevant quality
education, regardless of sex, age, creed socio- economic status, physical
and mental conditions, racial or ethnic origin, political or other affiliation. The
State shall therefore promote and maintain equality of access to education
as well as the benefits of education by all its citizens.

OTHER LEGAL BASES

• Act No. 74
This law was enacted on January 21, 1901 by the Philippine Commission,
and provided:
a. establishment of the Department of Public Instruction headed by the
General superintendent
b. the archipelago was divided into school divisions and districts for effective
management of the school system.
c. English was made as medium of instruction in all levels of schooling
d. optional religious instructions in all schools (Section 16)
e. establishment of a Trade school in Manila (Philippine College of Arts and
Trade- PCAT now known as Technological University of the Philippines), a
school of Agriculture in Negros, a Normal school in Manila (Philippine
Normal School) (Section 18)

• Act No. 2706

This was known as the "Private School Law", enacted on March 10, 1917
by the Philippine Legislature, which made obligatory the recognition and
inspection of private schools and colleges by the Secretary of Public
Instruction so as to maintain a standard of efficiency in all private schools
and colleges in the country. This law was amended by Commonwealth Act
No. 180 passed on November 13, 1936 which provided that: The Secretary
of Public Instruction was vested with power to "supervise, inspect and
regulate said schools and colleges in order to determine the efficiency of
instruction given in the same." And all private schools come under the
supervision and regulation of the Secretary of DPI. thus eliminatina
"dioloma mills" and substandard schools.
• Commonwealth Act No. 1 (Amended by R.A. 9163)
Known as the "National Defense Act" passed by the Philippine Assembly
on December 21,
1935, which provided in Section 81 that:
"Preparatory Military training shall be given with the youth in the
elementary grade school at the age of ten years and shall extend through
the remainder of his schooling into college or post-secondary education.
By virtue of Presidential Decree 1706, issued by the late President Marcos
on August 8, 1980, otherwise known as the "National Service Law",
Commonwealth Act No. 1 was amended, and required all citizens to
render, civic welfare service, law enforcement service and military service.

• Commonwealth Act No. 80

This law created the Office of Adult Education on October 26, 1936, so as
to eliminate illiteracy and to give vocational and citizenship training to adult
citizens of the country.
• Commonwealth Act No. 578
Enacted on June 8, 1940, conferred the status of "persons in authority" upon the
teachers, professors, and persons charged with the supervision of public or duly
recognized private schools, colleges and universities.
This Act also provided a penalty of imprisonment ranging from six months and
one day to six years and a fine ranging from 500 to 1, 000 pesos upon any
person found guilty of assault upon those teaching personnel.

• Commonwealth Act No. 586 (Repealed by R.A. 896)

This is known as Education Act of 1940. It was approved on August 7, 1940 by
the Philippine
Assembly. The law provided for the following:
a. Reduction of seven- year elementary course to six- year elementary course.
b. Fixing the school entrance age to seven.
c. National support of elementary education.
d. Compulsory attendance in the primary grades for all children who enrol in
Grade I.
e. Introduction of double- single session- one class in the morning and
another in the afternoon

• Commonwealth Act No. 589

This law, approved on August 19, 1940, established a school ritual in all
public and private elementary and secondary schools in the Philippines.
The ritual consists of solemn and patriotic ceremonies that include the
singing of the National Anthem and Patriotic Pledges.

• Republic Act No. 139 (Repealed by R. A. 8047)

Enacted on June 14, 1947, and the Board of Textbooks. This law provided
that all public schools must only use books that are approved by the Board
for a period of six years from the date of their adoption. The private schools
may use books of their choice, provided the Board of Textbooks has no
objections with those books.
• Republic Act No. 896
Enacted on June 20, 1953 and known as the Elementary Education Act of
1953, it repealed
Commonwealth Act 586 and provided for the following:
a. restoration of Grade VII (but never implemented due to lack of funds)
b. abolition of the double- single session and return to the former practice of
only one
c. class under one teacher in the primary and three teachers to two classes
or five teachers to three classes in the intermediate level
d. compulsory completion of the elementary grades
e. compulsory enrolment of children in the public schools upon attaining
seven years of age.
• Republic Act No. 1124 (Repealed by R. A. 7722)
Approved on June 16, 1954, this law created the Board of National
Education charged with the duty of formulating general educational policies
and directing the educational interests of the nation.
However, this Board which was later renamed National Board of Education
(P.D. No. 1), was abolished bu virtue of the Creation of the board of Higher
Education as stipulated in Batas Pambansa Blg. 232. The Board's function
is now assumed by the commission on Higher Education or CHED by virtue
of Republic Act No. 7722.

• Republic Act No. 1265 (amended by R. A. 8491)

This law was approved on June 11, 1955, and provided that a daily flag
ceremony shall be compulsory in all educational institutions. This includes
the singing of the Philippine Natiorlal Anthem.
• Republic Act No. 1425
It was approved on June 12, 1956, it prescribed the inclusion in the
curricula of all schools, both public and private, from elementary schools to
the universities, the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal especially the
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

• Republic Act No. 4670

Known as the "Magna Carta for Public School Teachers". This was
approved on June 18, 1966 to promote and improve the social and
economic status of public school teachers, their living and working
conditions, their employment and career prospects. It also provided the
following:
a. Recruitment qualifications for teachers
b. Code of Professional Conduct for Teachers
c. Teaching hours- 6 hours of classroom teaching (maximum load)
d. Additional compensation- 25% of the regular remuneration
e. Health and injury benefits (thru the GSIS)
f. One year study leave (sabbatical leave) after seven years of
continuous teaching, the teacher should receive 60% of the monthly
salary.
g. One range salary increase upon retirement (basis computing the
retirement fee).
h. Freedom to form organizations.

• Republic Act No. 1079

Approved on June 15, 1959, it provided that Civil Service eligibility
shall be permanent and shall have no time limit.

• Republic Act No. 6655

Known as the "Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988", it was
approved on May 26,
1988 and provided for
References: https://youtu.be/LW4HT8wQYc0?
si=4S5WxCC4tKrKoycQ
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
Republic Act No. 7836
The Philippine Teachers Professionalization
Act of 1994

Maridel P. Perin
BEED II
• Article 2 Board For Professional Teacher (Sec
5-12)
• Article 3 Examination And Registration (Sec
13-26)
• • Article 4 Provision Relative To The Practice
Of The Teaching Profession (Sec 27-34)
Article I TITLE
• This act shall be known as the
• "Philippine Teachers
• Professionalization Act of 1994."
Section 2 STATEMENT POLICY
• The State recognizes the vital role of
teachers in nation-building and development
through a responsible and literate citizenry.
The state shall ensure and promote quality
education by proper supervision and
regulation of the licensure examination and
professionalization of the practice of the
teaching profession.
Section 3 OBJECTIVES
• The promotion, development and professionalization of teachers
and the teaching profession; and

•The supervision and regulation of the licensure examination

Section 4 DEFINITION OF TERMS

• Teachers

• Teaching

• Board
• Commission
Article II BOARD FOR
PROFESSIONAL
TEACHERS
Section 5 CREATION AND COMPOSITION
OF THE BOARD

• the board consist of 5 members the chairman, vice

chairman, and the 3 members.
 Section 6 DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS
OF THE BOARD

• Administer and • Dates and • Issue and revoke enforce rules

and place of the certificate of regulations examination
registration
• Code of ethical and professional standard
• Supervise and regulate registration, licensure, and practice.
 Section 7 TERMS OF OFFICE
• The member of the board shall hold office for a
term of 3 years.
Section 8 QUALIFICATIONS OF BOARD

MEMBERS
• Citizen and Resident of the Philippines
• At least 35 years of age
• Degree Holder
• Valid certificate of registration and valid
professional license.
• Have at least 10 years of teaching experience
• Not related and interested to any organization in
the faculty or university.
 • Section 9 Compensation of the board
• Section 10 Supervision of the Board and
Custodian of its Records
• Section 11 Secretariat and Support Services
• Section 12 Removal of a Board Member
 ARTICLE III
EXAMINATION AND
REGISTRATION
• Section 13 EXAMINATION, REGISTRATION, AND LICENSE
REQUIRED -Valid certificate of registration and valid
professional license to practice as a professional teacher
• Section 14 SCOPE OF EXAMINATION- Scope if examination
of elementary and secondary level are different and shall be
separate.
 Section 15 Qualifications
Requirements of Applicants
• Applicant must be citizen of the
Philippines
• At least 18 years old and above
• Applicant must be in good health
• Applicant must not have been convicted
by final judgement for an offense
• Applicant must be graduate in school or
university recognized by the government
Section 16 Report of the Results of the
Examination

• Section 17 Issuance of Certificate of Registration and

Professional License
• Section 18 Oath Before Practice
• Section 20 Failure to Pass the Merit of Teachers
• Section 21 Incentives
• Section 22 Integration of yje Teaching
Profession
• Section 17 Issuance of Certificate of Registration and
Professional License
• Section 18 Oath Before Practice
• Section 20 Failure to Pass the Merit of Teachers
• Section 21 Incentives
• Section 22 Integration of yje Teaching
Profession
• Section 23 Revocation of the Certificate of Registration,

Suspension from the Practice of the Teaching Profession,

and Cancellation of Temporary of Special Merit

• Section 24 Registration by Reciprocity

• Section 25 Roster of Professional Teachers

• Section 26 Registration and Exception

ARTICLE IV PROVISIONS
RELATIVE TO THE
PRACTICE OF THE
TEACHING
PROFESSION
Section 27 Inhibition Against the Practice of the Teaching

Profession

• Section 28 Penal Provisions

• Section 29 Appropriations

• Section 30 Implementing Guidelines

• Section 31 Transitory Provision

• Section 32 Separability Clause

• Section 33 Repealing Clause

• Section 34 Effective Clause

• Penal Provision
1.P5, 000- P20, 000
2.6 Months to 5 years
Imprisonment
References• https://youtu.be/OKKEE-bnY78?si=rkHLgN K8odMEiv4
• https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/professionalization-laws-i n-the-
philippines/241738011?foclid=|wZXhObgNhZWOCMTEAAR
21UJd2iKeZNZoz-OrZU6CTr_OouwY072BA MAGOCuFMlatlZkU4
QULAw_aem_2aSxNWLcsaYIVJioilx2Uw
• https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/2/2676
 RA 4670 The Magna
Carta for Public School
Teachers (June 18,
1966)
Pamfilo, Ronald R (Reporter)
 • Its policy declares the
promotion and What is
improvement of the Magna
public school teachers in:
Carta?
➤ Social
➤ Living ➤ Terms of
and employment
and working
economic ➤Career
status conditions prospect
➤ It attracts and
retains in the
teaching profession
people with the •
proper qualifications Purpose?
➤ It strengthen the
stability of the
teaching profession in
the public school
system.
 •

This act applies to all public school

teachers except those in the
professorial staff of state colleges and
universities
➤ all persons engaged
in classroom teaching,
in any level of
instruction, on full-
time basis
➤ guidance
counselors

➤ school
librarians
 ➤industrial arts or
vocational instructors
➤persons performing
supervisory and/or
administrative functions
Significant Features
➤ The right to
additional
compensation for
services
in excess of six hours
of
actual classroom
teaching,etc.
 Significant Features
➤ The right to enjoy free
physical examination and
free medical treatment or
hospitalization.
➤ The right to one year
study leave with pay
equivalent to 60% salary
after seven years of service
Significant Features
➤The right to enjoy one
range salary raise upon
retirement,
➤ The freedom to organize
and join organizations, local
or national.
Significant Features

➤ The right against transfer from

one station to another without
the teacher's consent (except for
a cause). ➤ The right for a
married couple, both of whom
are school teachers, to be
employed in the same locality
whenever possible.
 Significant Features

➤The right to
enjoy academic
freedom
Significant Features
➤ Due Process Dismissal for
legitimate reasons follow rules
established for protecting the
rights of teachers.
Thank you for
listening!!
 Legal Foundations of the
Teaching Profession in the
Philippines
Other Legal Foundations
Prepared by:

JOHNCEL JOY L. OREJOLA

Act No. 74
This law was enacted on January 21,
1901 by the Philippine Commission.

English as the language instruction.

Republic Act 416
June 18,
1949
Converted the Philippine National School into a
College.
Republic Act 7168
December 26,1991 Converted the
Philippine Normal School into a University.
Commonwealth Act No. 1
Also known as the “ National Defense
December 21,
Act ’’
1935
Commonwealth Act No. 586
Also known as Education Act of
1940

Six-year elementary course Double-

single session
Commonwealth Act No.
586
Fixing the school entrance age to 7
National support for elementary education
Compulsory attendance in the primary grades
for all children who enrolled in Grade 1
Republic Act No. 6655
Also known as the Free Public
Secondary Education Act of
1988
Commonwealth Act No. 80

This law created the Office of Adult

Education
Commonwealth Act No.
587
Confers the status of persons in

authority
Republic Act No. 4670

Also known as the Magna Carta

for Public School Teachers
Republic Act No. 1265
This law was approved on June 11,

Flag ceremony compulsory

1955
DECS ORDER No. 38 s. 1994

National Secondary Assessment

Test (NSAT)
DECS ORDER No. 25
Implemented a Bilingual Education
Policy since 1974
Republic Act No. 9155

The Governance of Basic Education

Act of 2001
September 22, 1976
Made effective on January 12, 1977
Pass the Professional Board
Examination
for Teachers
 Reference
Calderon, Jose F. Foundations of Education. Ma.nila: Rex Publishing Co..

2002.

Foundations of s
Lacuesta, Manuel, et. al. Historical, Philosophical, and Legal

Education II Katha Publishing Co. Inc. and PAFTE. 1986.

San Mateo, Rosalinda and Maura Tangco. Foundations of Education II

(Historical, Philosophical and Legal Foundations of Education).
Katha

Publishing Co. 1997.

Conclusion
The legal foundations discussed in this lesson are essential for
understanding the rights, responsibilities, and professional
standards that govern the teaching profession in the
Philippines. Teachers must be aware of these laws to ensure
they are operating within the legal framework and upholding
their professional obligations. By understanding the legal
landscape, teachers can advocate for their rights, contribute
effectively to the education system, and ensure that all
learners have access to quality education.
This lesson provides a foundational understanding of the legal
framework that shapes the teaching profession in the
Philippines. It is crucial for teachers to be aware of these laws
to ensure they are fulfilling their professional responsibilities
and contributing to a just and equitable education system.
THANK
YOU!