Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 6 views

    Rock Blasting

    Uploaded by

    Sheruth Kuan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Rock Blasting

    Uploaded by

    Sheruth Kuan
    6 views22 pages

    Original Title

    rock blasting

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    6 views22 pages

    Rock Blasting

    Uploaded by

    Sheruth Kuan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    ROCK EXCAVATION

    Uses:
    road construction such as tunneling
    Tunneling:
    drilling and blasting

    Drilling
    equipment used:

    percussion drills (Jackhammer, drifter, wagon, truck


    rotary drills
    rotary percussion drills
    Examples:

     Track drill

     Rotary blast hole drill

     Downhole drills

    Bits and spacing


    ROCK BLASTING

    IS THE PROCESS OF DRILLING HOLES IN A ROCK


    MASS AT DEPTHS, AND SPACING TO ALLOW AN
    EXPLOSIVE TO FRACTURE THE ROCK. IN THIS
    PROCESS, THE ROCK MUST FRACTURE ENOUGH TO
    BE BROKEN DOWN TO THE SIZE INTENDED

    PRODUCTION OR CONTROLLED
    The primary objectives in rock blasting

     to optimize blast performance and


     ensure the safety of everyone by implementing safe practices in and around the
    blast site.

    Secondary objectives include:

    • Maintaining the stability of highwalls, so that men and equipment working on and
    under them are safe;

    • Fragmenting rock masses to reduce their downstream hauling and crushing costs;

    • Moving rock masses to facilitate their load-out by site-specific equipment.


    Objectives in blasting

    Reduce blasting cost thru less explosive consumptions,


    less wastage and safety in the nearby during:

    • Fragmentation

    • Highwall stability

    • others such as for mining

     movement
    Types of blast patterns:

    • Square

    • Rectangular

    • Staggered
    Fragmentation and Moving
    A proper blast design will yield adequate fragmentation, which will
    lower downstream costs related to hauling, equipment
    maintenance, and crushing.

    Highwall Stability

    A safe and stable highwall is critical to virtually all aspects of a blasting


    operation. Equipment—drills, draglines, and dozers—relies on highwall stability,
    as do blasting crews loading interburden (parting shots) and shovel operators
    loading trucks in the pit. Maintaining a stable highwall at your operation requires
    a good understanding of geology and water conditions, as well as slope and
    blast design. In addition, you must maintain quality control over the blast
    design. The strength of a rock mass under shear, tensile, and compressional
    loading will dictate the overall stability of a highwall
    Rock Failure

    Compression failure is caused immediately around a charge


    when the rock is crushed by extremely high borehole pressures.

    Tensile failure occurs when reflecting stress waves rip the rock
    apart. The damage from such failure is much greater, because
    rocks are much weaker in their tensile strengths than in their
    compressive strengths.

    Shear failure is controlled by the shear strength of the rock mass,


    the duration of the blast, and blast-induced vibration levels.

    Repeated blasting can reduce the shear strength of adjacent rock


    masses
    Blast design will influence the stability of
    highwalls, in that it affects:

    • Horizontal relief away from the wall,

    • Energy concentration adjacent to the wall,


    and

    • Blast size and duration.


     Modified production blasts are blasts that use reduced charge loads in the
    rows nearest to the proposed crestline of the new highwall. This reduces
    the explosive energy adjacent to the highwall and may reduce overbreak
    beyond the crestline.

     Some controlled blasting methods used to reduce overbreak and


    backbreak beyond the crestline are discussed in this module.
    Blasting is used for:

    mining operations (the use of explosives to break down hard


    rock formations and access valuable minerals)

    When the drilling process is over, it is time to start to blast to


    break up the rock required for excavation.
    The blasting method is used for rock excavation.

    Controlled blasting is a technique of blasting, which is used to


    reduce the amount of over break and to control ground
    vibrations.
     Blasting Technology Methods

    The different types of controlled blasting techniques are pre-splitting, smooth


    blasting, line drilling, perimeter blasting, and cushion blasting.

     Pre-Splitting: The purpose of this technique is to reduce the impact of


    ground vibrations on the other side of the pre-split line.

     Smooth Blasting: This technique is used mostly in underground blasting


    and muffle blasting as a solution to prevent fly-rock.
     Line Drilling: This is the earliest controlled blasting method used for
    explosive activity. This method drills the perimeter of walls to the full depth
    of the excavation prior to blasting.

     This kind of drilling is not as noisy when compared with other types of
    drilling.

     Perimeter Blasting: This type of blasting is mostly used in underground


    excavation; the perimeter holes of the roof of headings and tunnels are
    drilled along the design in a parallel direction to the excavation.
     .
    Blasting Technology Methods

     Cushion Blasting: This type of blasting is applicable in surface trimming.


    Professional structural engineers who are preparing for their SE exam must
    be familiar with blasting methods and their applications.

     Blasting and its Consequences


    Blasting techniques and the proportion of explosives/blasting agents used to
    remove all rocky outcrops exhibit the least disturbance to the surrounding
    environment.

    The outcomes of any type of blasting techniques are fragmentation, muck pile
    displacement, ground vibrations, and oversized fly-rock fragments. The main
    materials used for blasting are Nitrate mixtures, Nitro-glycerin based explosives,
    Mono-methyl amine or Nitro-carbo nitrate based explosives, RDX, HMX, and LOX.
    The by-products of the explosive chemicals can cause environmental pollution and
    contamination.
    Blasting and its Consequences
    Blasting techniques and the proportion of explosives/blasting agents
    used to remove all rocky outcrops exhibit the least disturbance to
    the surrounding environment. The outcomes of any type of blasting
    techniques are fragmentation, muck pile displacement, ground
    vibrations, and oversized fly-rock fragments.

    The main materials used for blasting are Nitrate mixtures, Nitro-
    glycerin based explosives, Mono-methyl amine or Nitro-carbo nitrate
    based explosives, RDX, HMX, and LOX.

    The by-products of the explosive chemicals can cause


    environmental pollution and contamination.
    Equipment used During Blasting
    Examples of Blasting
    works
    Thank you
    1. Why should you avoid loading explosives into a subdrill?
    a. Excessive confinement will lead to high peak particle velocity ground vibrations
    b. Over-confinement could generate toxic fumes
    c. Loading the subdrill could result in poor highwall stability
    d. All of the above

    2. How does increasing the fragmentation of blasted rock decrease downstream costs
    related to it?
    a. Increased fragmentation reduces shovel digging time
    b. Increased fragmentation reduces the wear on haul equipment
    c. Increased fragmentation increases the crushed throughput
    d. All of the above

    3. What is a way to reduce the explosive energy adjacent to a highwall on a production


    blast to ensure the integrity of the highwall?
    a. Reduce the total shot time, thereby reducing the amount of time the highwall is
    subjected to vibrations
    b. Use a controlled blasting technique (for example, pre-splitting)
    c. Drill on an angle to keep the explosive energy away from the toe
    4. What is the purpose of using a decked charge?
    a. To lower the powder factor
    b. To reduce the amount of explosives detonated per delay
    c. To avoid loading a weak seam or to bypass a void in the rock
    d. All of the above
    5. What are some general rules for designing the stemming for
    blastholes?
    a. Use crushed stone or drill cuttings as the stemming material
    b. Stem at a ratio of from 0.5 to 1.3 times the amount of burden
    c. Design stemming so that it contains explosive energy without
    generating flyrock
    d. All of the above

    6. What is the most important objective(s) of any blasting


    program?
    a. Fragmentation
    b. Lowering Cost
    c. Ensuring the safety of all workers in and around the blast
    site
    d. both a and c

    You might also like