L01-Basics of ISD

Information System Design
Basics
What is a System?
• A collection of parts that work together to achieve a goal/task
– Examples; Solar system, Digestive systems, Computer system,

Information system etc.
• A set of objects and relationships among the objects viewed as

a whole and designed to achieve a purpose
Information System Design 2

What is subsystem?
• A subsystem is simply a system within a system.

– Automobile is a system composed of subsystems: Engine
system, Body system, Frame system
• Each of these subsystem is composed of sub-sub --systems.

– Engine system: carburetor system, generator system, fuel
system, and so on.

System Concepts
• Decomposition
– The process of breaking down a system into smaller components
– Allows the systems analyst to:
– Break a system into small, manageable subsystems
– Focus on one area at a time
– Concentrate on component pertinent to one group of users
– Build different components at independent times
• Modularity
– Process of dividing a system into modules of a relatively uniform size
and Modules simplify system design
• Coupling
– Subsystems that are dependent upon each other are coupled
• Cohesion
– Extent to which a subsystem performs a single

CBIS vs Manual Systems
• CBIS
– Information system that rely on computer hardware and
software for processing and disseminating information
• Manual systems
– Use paper + pencil technology

Approach to system development
There are three strategies of IS development

• Process-oriented approach -An strategy to IS development
that focuses on how and when data are moved through and
changed by an IS.
• Data-oriented approach- An strategy to IS development that
focuses on the ideal organization of data rather than where and
how data are used.
• Object-oriented approach- A system development
methodologies and techniques based on objects rather than
data or process.

What is an Information System?
Information
+
System
=
Information System

Definition of Information
Information?
=
Creating data
Collecting data
Managing data
Processing data

Definition of Information
System?
=
Input P rocessor O utput

What is an Information System?
• An Information System is a combination of

– Hardware
– Software
– Telecommunication networks (Internet)
• Which people build and use to

– Collect
– Create
– Distribute data
• Typically in
– Organizational setting

Components of an Information System
Data User
Information System
Hardware Telecommunication
Software

Example of Information Systems
• Library Information System

• Information retrieval system
• Geographical Information System
• On-line Business Transaction
• Microsoft Office
• www.scs.dauniv.ac.in
• MatLab

Information System Types
• Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

• Management Information Systems (MIS)
• Decision Support Systems (DSS)
• Expert System and Artificial Intelligence (ES &AI)

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
• TPS are computerized information systems that were developed to
process large amounts of data for routine business transaction.
• Automate the handling of data about business activities and
transactions, which can be thought of a simple discrete events in the
life of an organization
– Data about each transaction are captured,
– Transactions are verified and accepted/rejected,
– Validation transactions are stored for later aggregation.
– Report may be produced to provide summarization of the
transactions, and
– Transaction may be moved from process to process in order to
handle all aspects of the business activities.

Management Information Systems (MIS)
• Information system at the management level of an

organization that serves the functions of planning, controlling,
and decision making by providing routine summary and
exception reports.
• It takes the relatively raw data available through a TPS and
converts them into a meaningful aggregated form that mangers
need to conduct their responsibilities.
• Developing an MIS calls for a good understanding of what
kind of information managers require and how managers use
information in their jobs.

Decision Support systems (DSS)
• Information system at the management level of an

organization that combines data and sophisticated analytical
models or data analysis tools to support semi-structured and
unstructured decision making.
• DSS are designed to help organizational decision make
decision.
• A DSS is composed of a:
– Database ( may be extracted from a TPS/MIS)
– Graphical/mathematical models for business process
– User interface that provides a way to communicate with
DSS
Expert System and Artificial Intelligence
• Knowledge representation describes the way an expert would
approach the problem. It attempts to codify and manipulate
knowledge rather than information.
• User communication with an ES via an interactive dialogue.
• The ES asks questions ( that an expert would ask) and the end
user
• supplies the answers.
• The answers are then used to determine which rules apply and
the ES provides a recommendation based on the rule.
• Knowledge Engineers perform knowledge acquisition; they are
similar with system analyst but are trained to use different
techniques.

Exercises
• Identify the different components in the following systems:

Library Information System, Microsoft Office, Cellular Phone.
• Identify systems, which are not information system?
• Describe the various types of Information Systems along with

their merits and demerits.
• Explain the applications of each category of information

systems?

L01-Basics of ISD

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

L01-Basics of ISD

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

L01-Basics of ISD

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Information System Design

• A collection of parts that work together to achieve a goal/task

– Examples; Solar system, Digestive systems, Computer system,

• A set of objects and relationships among the objects viewed as

Information System Design 2

• A subsystem is simply a system within a system.

• Each of these subsystem is composed of sub-sub --systems.

Information System Design 3

Information System Design 4

Information System Design 5

There are three strategies of IS development

Information System Design 6

Information System Design 7

Information System Design 8

Input P rocessor O utput

Information System Design 9

• An Information System is a combination of

• Which people build and use to

Information System Design 10

Information System Design 11

• Library Information System

Information System Design 12

• Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

Information System Design 13

Information System Design 14

• Information system at the management level of an

Information System Design 15

• Information system at the management level of an

Information System Design 17

• Identify the different components in the following systems:

• Identify systems, which are not information system?

• Describe the various types of Information Systems along with

• Explain the applications of each category of information

Information System Design 18

You might also like