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Unit 1. Introduction

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27 views15 pages

Unit 1. Introduction

Uploaded by

kamar122014
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 1

Introduction

After studying this chapter, you will be able to:

• Understand the formal definition of computer and computer


science, and basics of computers.
• To understand the functionalities of the computer
 To know the Characteristics of Computer
 To know the types of Computer

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Computer Science

Definition:

Computer science (CS) is the study of computers and


algorithmic processes, including their principles, their
hardware and software designs, their applications, and
their impact on society.

2
Introduction To
Computer
Computer:

Computer is an electro-mechanical and


programmable machine which will take inputs,
stores, process and give accurate outputs. It
performs functions like calculating, sorting,
storing, retrieving etc.

3
Introduction To
Computer
Data:
Data is the collection of raw facts. It includes
numerals, alphabets, graphics, audio and video.
Information:
Information can be defined into different ways.
Processed form of data is called information. (OR)
Organized form of data is called information. (OR)
Data in classified form is information.

4
Introduction To
Computer
Data refers to set of Values. Ex: 10,11,12...
Whereas Information means Processed
data which gives us some meaning .
Ex: Roll no
---------------
10
11
12. This gives us meaning that
10,11,12 are some Roll numbers.

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Functionalities of a computer

• Takes data as input.

• Stores the data/instructions in its memory and use them when


required.
• Processes the data and converts it into useful information.

• Generates the output

• Controls all the above four steps.

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Advantages of computer
Following list demonstrates the advantages of computers in today's arena.
 High Speed
• Computer is a very fast device.
• It can perform millions of calculations in a few seconds as compared to man
who will spend many months for doing the same task.


Accuracy
• In addition to being very fast, computers are very accurate.
• The calculations are 100% error free.
• Computers perform all jobs with 100% accuracy provided that correct input
has been given.

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Advantages of computer (Cont.)
 Storage Capability

• Memory is a very important characteristic of computers.

• It can store large amount of data.

• It can store any type of data such as images, videos, text, audio and many
others.

 Diligence

• Unlike human beings, a computer is free from monotony, tiredness and lack
of concentration.

• It can work continuously without any error and boredom.

• It can do repeated work with same speed and accuracy.

8
Advantages of computer (Cont.)

 Versatility

• A computer is a very versatile machine.

• A computer is very flexible in performing the jobs to be


done.

• This machine can be used to solve the problems related


to various fields.

• At one instance, it may be solving a complex scientific


problem and the very next moment it may be playing a
card game.
Reliability
• A computer is a reliable machine.

• Modern electronic components have long lives.


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• Computers are designed to make maintenance easy.
Advantages of computer (Cont.)

Automation

• Computer is an automatic machine.

• Automation means ability to perform the given task automatically.

• Once a program is given to computer i.e. stored in computer memory, the


program and instruction can control the program execution without human
interaction.

Reduction in Paper Work


• The use of computers for data processing in an organization leads to
reduction in paper work and results in speeding up a process.

• As data in electronic files can be retrieved as and when required, the


problem of maintenance of large number of paper files gets reduced.

10
Introduction To Computer
Types of Computers

11
Introduction To Computer
Types of Computer (According to Size and
Capacity)
Supercomputer:

A computer which, among existing general-purpose


computers at any given time, is superlative, often in
several senses: highest computation rate, largest
memory, or highest cost. Predominantly, the term refers
to the fastest “number crunchers,” that is, machines
designed to perform numerical calculations at the highest
speed that the latest electronic device technology and
the state of the art of computer architecture allow.

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Introduction To Computer
Types of Computer (According to Size and
Capacity)

Mainframe:
In early days of computing Mainframes are big
computers that can fill the entire room or entire
floor. Mainframes are mainly used by large
organizations for critical applications, such as
consumer statistics, ERP, and financial
transaction processing.

13
Introduction To Computer
Types of Computer (According to Size and
Capacity)
Minicomputer:
Minicomputers are between the Mainframe
computer and small Personal Computers.
Minicomputers also refereed to Mid-Range
Servers. Minicomputers are more powerful but
still compatible version of a personal computer.
Example: Workstation, Servers.

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Introduction To Computer
Types of Computer (According to Size and
Capacity)

Microcomputer:
A small digital computer based on a
microprocessor and designed to be used by
one person at a time.
Example: Personal Computer (PC), Desktop,
Laptop, Personal Digital Assistant, Wearable
etc.

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