Object Oriented Programming

Object Oriented Programming

Week 09
Java Web Technologies

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Object Oriented Programming

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the Lecture students should be

able to get details of a few specific things
related to the Java web technologies.
– MVC architecture
– JSP
– Servlet
– Maven Building tool

2
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Object Oriented Programming

What is a Web Application

Framework?
A web application framework is a piece of
structural software that provides automation
of common tasks of the domain as well as a
built- in architectural solution that can be
easily inherited by applications implemented
on the framework.

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Object Oriented Programming

Common Tasks of the Web

Application
• Binding Request Parameters to Java Types
• Validating Data
• Making calls to business logic
• Making calls to the data layer
• Rendering presentation layer (HTML, …)
• Providing internationalization and localization
• Keep Presentation Layer Separate from Data Layer

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Object Oriented Programming

MVC

• The model view controller pattern is the

most used pattern for today’s world web
applications
• It has been used for the first time in
Smalltalk and then adopted and popularized
by Java
• At present there are more than a dozen PHP
web frameworks based on MVC pattern

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Object Oriented Programming

MVC Cont..
• The model does all the computational work
– It is input/output free
– All communication with the model is via
methods
• The controller tells the model what to do
– User input goes to the controller
• The view shows results; it is a “window” into
the model
– The view can get results from the controller, or
– The view can get results directly from the model
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Object Oriented Programming

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Object Oriented Programming

Applying MVC to Web

Applications
• View:
– HTML form; native Java interface; client-side
script; applet

• Controller:
– Java servlet; session Bean

• Model:
– Entity Bean or other business logic object
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Object Oriented Programming

Interchangeable Elements
• View:
– HTML form becomes touch-screen

• Controller:
– JSP becomes session bean

• Model:
– Entity Bean
• Views and Controllers closely interact (HTML/JSP)
• If HTML code is written out entirely through JSP, the Controller and
View (conceptually) merge
• A Controller-View pair works with one Model
• One Model may have multiple Controller-View pairs

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Object Oriented Programming

MVC Advantages

• Single point of entry to Model object

• Multiple-client support
• Design clarity
• Modularity
• Controlled growth
• Portable
• separation of concerns

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Object Oriented Programming

What is a Java Server Page (JSP)

• Java Server Pages (JSP)

– A simplified, fast way to create dynamic web content
– HTML or XML pages with embedded Java Code or Java Beans
– Can be a mix of template data in HTML/XML with some dynamic
content
• Java Server Pages are HTML pages embedded with snippets of
Java code.
– It is an inverse of a Java Servlet
• Four different elements are used in constructing JSPs
– Scripting Elements
– Implicit Objects
– Directives
– Actions

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Object Oriented Programming

JSP Example

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Object Oriented Programming

How JSP works

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Object Oriented Programming

Why to use JSP?

• High Performance
• Has access to all the powerful Enterprise
Java APIs, including JDBC, JNDI, EJB, JAXP
• can be used in combination with servlets

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Object Oriented Programming

Scripting Elements

• There are three kinds of scripting

elements
– Declarations
– Scriptlets
– Expressions

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Object Oriented Programming

Declarations

• Declarations are used to define methods & instance

variables
– Do not produce any output that is sent to client
– Embedded in <%! and %> delimiters
Example:
<%!
Public void jspDestroy() {
System.out.println(“JSP Destroyed”);
}
Public void jspInit() {
System.out.println(“JSP Loaded”);
}
int myVar = 123;
%>
– The functions and variables defined are available to the JSP Page
as well as to the servlet in which it is compiled

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Object Oriented Programming

Scriptlets
• Used to embed java code in JSP pages.
• Contents of JSP go into _JSPpageservice()
method
• Code should comply with syntactical and
semantic constuct of java
• Embedded in <% and %> delimiters
– Example:
<%
int x = 5;
int y = 7;
int z = x + y;
%>

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Object Oriented Programming

Expressions

• Used to write dynamic content back to

the browser.
– If the output of expression is Java primitive
the value is printed back to the browser
– If the output is an object then the result of
calling toString on the object is output to
the browser
– Embedded in <%= and %> delimiters
Example:
– <%=“Fred”+ “ “ + “Flintstone %>
prints “Fred Flintstone” to the
browser
– <%=Math.sqrt(100)%> SLIIT - Faculty of Computing
Object Oriented Programming

JSP Actions

• Processed during the request processing phase.

– As opposed to JSP directives which are processed
during translation
• Standard actions should be supported by J2EE
compliant web servers
• Custom actions can be created using tag libraries
• The different actions are
– Include action
– Forward action
– Param action
– useBean action
– getProperty action
– setProperty action
– plugIn action

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Object Oriented Programming

JSP Actions - Include

• Include action used for including resources in a JSP

page
– Include directive includes resources in a JSP page at
translation time
– Include action includes response of a resource into
the response of the JSP page
– Same as including resources using
RequestDispatcher interface
– Changes in the included resource reflected while
accessing the page.
– Normally used for including dynamic resources
• Example
– <jsp:include page=“inlcudedPage.jsp”>
– Includes the the output of includedPage.jsp into the
page where this is included.
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Object Oriented Programming

JSP Actions

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Object Oriented Programming

JSP Actions - Param

• Used in conjunction with Include & Forward actions to
include additional request parameters to the included
or forwarded resource
• Example
<jsp:forward page=“Param2.jsp”>
<jsp:param name=“FirstName” value=“Sanjay”>
</jsp:forward>
– This will result in the forwarded resource having an
additional parameter FirstName with a value of
Sanjay

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Object Oriented Programming

Syntax
• Scriplet – nest Java code

• Declaration Tag – define variables

• Expression Tag – print java variables

• Comment Tag – add comments

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Object Oriented Programming

Simple JSP Loop

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Object Oriented Programming

What is a Servlet?
• Servlets are small programs that execute on the server
side of a web connection
• Servlets dynamically extend the functionality of a web
server
• Java Servlets/JSP are part of the Sun’s J2EE Enterprise
Architecture
– The web development part
• Java Servlet
– is a simple, consistent mechanism for extending the
functionality of a web server
– Are precompiled Java programs that are executed on
the server side.
– Require a Servlet container to run in
– Portable to any java application server

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Object Oriented Programming

Why to Use Servlets?

• Work well in a Heterogeneous Environments
– OS and platform neutral
– Work with all major web servers (IIS, Apache,etc..)
• Well defined Web Architecture framework
– Standard built in services such as:
• Standard Approach to Authentication using
declarative security vice programmatic security
• Database connection pooling
• Complete support for sessions via cookies and/or
URL re-writing
– Has automatic fallback to URL re-writing

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Object Oriented Programming

How servlet works

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Object Oriented Programming

The Life Cycle of a Servlet

• A servlet life cycle can be defined as the
entire process from its creation till the
destruction. The following are the paths
followed by a servlet
• init()
• service( )
• destroy( )
• doGet()
• doPost()

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Object Oriented Programming

The init() Method

• The init method is called only once
when the servlet is created
• When a user invokes a servlet, a single
instance of each servlet gets created,
with each user request resulting in a
new thread that is handed off to doGet
or doPost as appropriate.

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Object Oriented Programming

The service() Method

• The service() method is the main method to
perform the actual task
• The servlet container (i.e. web server) calls the
service() method to handle requests coming
from the client( browsers) and to write the
formatted response back to the client.
• Each time the server receives a request for a
servlet, the server spawns a new thread and
calls service
• The service() method checks the HTTP request
type (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.) and calls
doGet, doPost, doPut, doDelete, etc. methods
as appropriate.

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Object Oriented Programming

The destroy() Method

• The destroy() method is called only once at the
end of the life cycle of a servlet.
• method gives your servlet a chance to close
database connections, halt background
threads, write cookie lists or hit counts to disk,
and perform other such cleanup activities
• After the destroy() method is called, the servlet
object is marked for garbage collection.

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Object Oriented Programming

The HttpServlet class

• HttpServlet class servers client’s HTTP
request
• For each of the HTTP methods, GET,
POST and other corresponding methods
– doGet()…. – Serves HTTP GET request
– doPost()..- Servers HTTP POST
request

– The servelet usually must implement

one of the first two methods or the
service().. method
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Object Oriented Programming

The HTTPServeltRequest Object

• Contains the request data from the
client

– HTTP request headers

– Form data and Queary parameters

– Other client data(cookies, path, etc.)

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Object Oriented Programming

The HTTPServeltRespond Object

• Encapsulate data and send back to the
client
– HTTP response headers(Content type)

– Response Body

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Object Oriented Programming

The most important servlet

functionalities
• Retrieve the HTML Form parameters
from the request(Bothe get and post
parameters)

• Retrieve a servlet initialization

parameter

• Retrieve HTTP request header information

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Object Oriented Programming

Building tool- Maven

Maven is really a process of applying
patterns to a build infrastructure in
order to provide a coherent view of
software projects.

Provides a way to help with managing:

• Builds
• Documentation
• Reporting
• Dependencies
• Software Configuration Management
• Releases
• Distribution
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Object Oriented Programming

Why to use maven

• Make the development process visible
or transparent
• Provide an easy way to see the health
and status of a project
• Decreasing training time for new
developers
• Bringing together the tools required in a
uniform way
• Preventing inconsistent setups
• Providing a standard development
infrastructure across projects SLIIT - Faculty of Computing
Object Oriented Programming

Maven Architecture

Plugin
e.g. jar

Projects Plugin
Maven Core
to build e.g. surefire

Plugin
e.g. release

Local machine Remote repository or local install

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Object Oriented Programming

Common project metadata

format
• POM = Project Object Model = pom.xml
• Contains metadata about the project
• Location of directories,
Developers/Contributors, Issue tracking
system, Dependencies, Repositories to use,
etc
<project>
• Example:
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId>
<artifactId>cargo-core-api-container</artifactId>
<name>Cargo Core Container API</name>
<version>0.7-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<dependencies/>
<build/>
[…]
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