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    Introduction To Unix - Linux

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    gianglibra1710

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    Introduction To Unix - Linux

    Uploaded by

    gianglibra1710
    5 views46 pages

    Original Title

    Introduction to Unix_Linux

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

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    5 views46 pages

    Introduction To Unix - Linux

    Uploaded by

    gianglibra1710

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 46

    Operating Systems - Unix

    Lectures, Labs, Exercices and Graded projects

    Crédits ECTS : 3

    Elie Annestay
    Grading system :
    Two components :

    1. The lab progression

    The more you progress through it the more you will familiarize yourselves with
    using a computer terminal.

    2. The shell scripting project

    Scripting is so important for automating and simplifying tasks especially when


    running a programming environment, this will ensure you’ve at least ran a few of
    your own scripts and looked through the errors you got while doing it.
    What is Unix

    A bit of history about


    Unix out of order
    Magic VLSI :
    VLSI & Beyond Open source
    software for
    Chip design

    Standard cell
    A “real” transistor
    Matt Venn, www.zerotoasiccourse.com
    Some numbers
    Von Neumann Architecture
    Von Neumann Architecture
    A gif of the inner workings of a simulated “computer”
    https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/round-robin
    Unix initially lacked multi-tasking and portability support
    Later developments added:

    ●
    Multi-tasking capabilities
    ●
    Multi-user capabilities in time-sharing configuration
    ●
    Portability features
    Key Unix concepts include:

    ●
    Plain text data storage
    ●
    Hierarchical file system
    ●
    Treatment of devices and IPC as files
    ●
    Use of many small software tools connected via
    command-line interpreter and pipes
    ●
    Contrast with monolithic program approach
    What is a shell

    A Unix shell is a command-line interpreter that provides a user interface to interact


    with the operating system's services and utilities through text-based commands.
    The computer terminal

    IBM 2741 - 1960-1970 VT100 - 1978


    or Bell labs
    Creation of Unix at bell labs in 1969 by Ken
    Thompson and Dennis Ritchie

    1969-72 UNIX operating system and C programming language: Makes large-scale


    networking of varied operating systems, and thus the Internet, practical.
    1978 - First Berkeley Software Distribution (1BSD) released by Bill Joy
    1984 - AT&T UNIX System V released
    1987 - MINIX released by Andrew Tanenbaum
    1991 - Linux kernel first released by Linus Torvalds
    Other unix distro released in open source from 1993
    2000 - Apple releases Darwin, the open-source foundation of macOS
    Linux distributions (aka distros)
    Some more of the history in another session
    How to get started with BASH (Bourne Again SHell)
    Option 1 : Mac or linux Option 2 : Windows VM Option 3 : Windows WSL

    https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/h Warning ! This option will require


    just open the terminal ow-to-run-ubuntu-desktop-on- you to restart your computer.
    and do echo $SHELL a-virtual-machine-using-virtual https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us
    box#1-overview /windows/wsl/install
    you should see
    once installed open the once installed open the terminal
    something like this : terminal and do echo and do echo $SHELL
    /bin/bash $SHELL you should see something like
    you should see something this :
    /bin/bash
    like this :
    /bin/bash
    Window Subsystem for Linux
    Pros: Cons:
    ● Run Linux tools directly on ● Can be slower than real Linux
    Windows ● Not all Linux programs work
    ● Easy to set up and use perfectly
    ● Works well with coding tools like ● File sharing between Windows
    VSCode and Linux can be tricky
    ● Uses less resources than a virtual ● Needs Windows 10 or newer
    machine ● Can be confusing for beginners
    ● Good for developers who need
    both Windows and Linux
    WSL2 + Powershell and GUIs as backup

    Use the tool that works not the one someone tells you to use.
    My environnement

    debian on wls2 windows with anaconda prompt


    CLI

    command [options] [arguments]


    command [flag] [arguments]
    ls [-l] []
    ls [-l] [/mnt/c/Users/eliea]
    ls [] [.] = ls
    Basic bash commands

    ls
    cd path_to_target_folder
    rm -r /path_to_my_unwanted_folder
    pwd
    mkdir path_for_my_directory/directory_name
    Basic powershell commands

    dir
    cd path_to_target_folder
    del -r /path_to_my_unwanted_folder
    echo %cd%
    mkdir
    path_for_my_directory/directory_name
    Sequencing
    command [opt] [arg]; command_2 [opt] [arg]
    pwd ; ls
    date ; uptime
    cd myproject && ls
    cd temp || mkdir temp
    date > timestamp.txt
    ls -l | awk ‘{print $9}’
    Challenge 1 :

    title:Man Page Master

    description: Use the 'man' command to find out what option


    in the 'ls' command shows hidden files.

    note: Use the man command to explore the ls command options


    Challenge 2 :

    title: File Finder

    description: Use 'ls' with appropriate options to list all


    files (including hidden) in the current directory, showing
    file sizes in human-readable format.

    note: Use the man command to explore the command options


    Challenge 3 :

    title: Path Puzzle

    description: Starting from /etc/user, navigate to /etc/apt,


    and finally back to /home/user. Print your location after
    each move.

    note: Use the man command to explore the command options


    Challenge 4 :

    title: Help Hero

    description: Use the --help option with the 'grep' command


    to find out what option is used for case-insensitive
    searching.

    note: Use the man command to explore the command options


    Bonus :

    Explain what this command does: ls -ltr /home/user

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