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Introduction To Unix - Linux

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11 views

Introduction To Unix - Linux

Uploaded by

gianglibra1710
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Operating Systems - Unix

Lectures, Labs, Exercices and Graded projects

Crédits ECTS : 3

Elie Annestay
Grading system :
Two components :

1. The lab progression

The more you progress through it the more you will familiarize yourselves with
using a computer terminal.

2. The shell scripting project

Scripting is so important for automating and simplifying tasks especially when


running a programming environment, this will ensure you’ve at least ran a few of
your own scripts and looked through the errors you got while doing it.
What is Unix

A bit of history about


Unix out of order
Magic VLSI :
VLSI & Beyond Open source
software for
Chip design

Standard cell
A “real” transistor
Matt Venn, www.zerotoasiccourse.com
Some numbers
Von Neumann Architecture
Von Neumann Architecture
A gif of the inner workings of a simulated “computer”
https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/round-robin
Unix initially lacked multi-tasking and portability support
Later developments added:

●
Multi-tasking capabilities
●
Multi-user capabilities in time-sharing configuration
●
Portability features
Key Unix concepts include:

●
Plain text data storage
●
Hierarchical file system
●
Treatment of devices and IPC as files
●
Use of many small software tools connected via
command-line interpreter and pipes
●
Contrast with monolithic program approach
What is a shell

A Unix shell is a command-line interpreter that provides a user interface to interact


with the operating system's services and utilities through text-based commands.
The computer terminal

IBM 2741 - 1960-1970 VT100 - 1978


or Bell labs
Creation of Unix at bell labs in 1969 by Ken
Thompson and Dennis Ritchie

1969-72 UNIX operating system and C programming language: Makes large-scale


networking of varied operating systems, and thus the Internet, practical.
1978 - First Berkeley Software Distribution (1BSD) released by Bill Joy
1984 - AT&T UNIX System V released
1987 - MINIX released by Andrew Tanenbaum
1991 - Linux kernel first released by Linus Torvalds
Other unix distro released in open source from 1993
2000 - Apple releases Darwin, the open-source foundation of macOS
Linux distributions (aka distros)
Some more of the history in another session
How to get started with BASH (Bourne Again SHell)
Option 1 : Mac or linux Option 2 : Windows VM Option 3 : Windows WSL

https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/h Warning ! This option will require


just open the terminal ow-to-run-ubuntu-desktop-on- you to restart your computer.
and do echo $SHELL a-virtual-machine-using-virtual https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us
box#1-overview /windows/wsl/install
you should see
once installed open the once installed open the terminal
something like this : terminal and do echo and do echo $SHELL
/bin/bash $SHELL you should see something like
you should see something this :
/bin/bash
like this :
/bin/bash
Window Subsystem for Linux
Pros: Cons:
● Run Linux tools directly on ● Can be slower than real Linux
Windows ● Not all Linux programs work
● Easy to set up and use perfectly
● Works well with coding tools like ● File sharing between Windows
VSCode and Linux can be tricky
● Uses less resources than a virtual ● Needs Windows 10 or newer
machine ● Can be confusing for beginners
● Good for developers who need
both Windows and Linux
WSL2 + Powershell and GUIs as backup

Use the tool that works not the one someone tells you to use.
My environnement

debian on wls2 windows with anaconda prompt


CLI

command [options] [arguments]


command [flag] [arguments]
ls [-l] []
ls [-l] [/mnt/c/Users/eliea]
ls [] [.] = ls
Basic bash commands

ls
cd path_to_target_folder
rm -r /path_to_my_unwanted_folder
pwd
mkdir path_for_my_directory/directory_name
Basic powershell commands

dir
cd path_to_target_folder
del -r /path_to_my_unwanted_folder
echo %cd%
mkdir
path_for_my_directory/directory_name
Sequencing
command [opt] [arg]; command_2 [opt] [arg]
pwd ; ls
date ; uptime
cd myproject && ls
cd temp || mkdir temp
date > timestamp.txt
ls -l | awk ‘{print $9}’
Challenge 1 :

title:Man Page Master

description: Use the 'man' command to find out what option


in the 'ls' command shows hidden files.

note: Use the man command to explore the ls command options


Challenge 2 :

title: File Finder

description: Use 'ls' with appropriate options to list all


files (including hidden) in the current directory, showing
file sizes in human-readable format.

note: Use the man command to explore the command options


Challenge 3 :

title: Path Puzzle

description: Starting from /etc/user, navigate to /etc/apt,


and finally back to /home/user. Print your location after
each move.

note: Use the man command to explore the command options


Challenge 4 :

title: Help Hero

description: Use the --help option with the 'grep' command


to find out what option is used for case-insensitive
searching.

note: Use the man command to explore the command options


Bonus :

Explain what this command does: ls -ltr /home/user

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