Learning Outcomes

1. Identify constitutional provisions mandating specific roles

that are true to each of the four (4) LGUs using an
Illustrated Table

2. Write concepts of the four (4) LGUs on an Illustrated

Table.

3. Critique the barangay services using an Illustrated Table

with a scale of 1 to 4 that corresponds to effectiveness of
services rendered.

4. Write a Communication Letter addressed to the barangay

officials some personally suggested programs or actions
that need to be done.
Instructions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and
write it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The following are the Local Government Units, EXCEPT___.

A. Provinces B. Cities C. Sitios D. Towns/Municipalities

2. The Sanggunian or the local legislative bodies of LGUs

can pass local laws, otherwise termed as ______.
A. Bills B. Executive Orders C. Ordinances D. Republic Acts

3. Which of the following forms of administrative

decentralization involves the national government the
transfer of responsibility for decision-making and
administration of public functions to Local Government
Units?
A. Centralization B. Deconcentration C. Delegation D.
Devolution
if some Filipinos desirous to have their passports
processed, and the Department of Foreign Affairs to
issue these, only holds office in Metro Manila, what
inconvenience to time and money could this system
entail?
Deconcentration

involves redistributing decision making authority and

financial and management responsibilities among different
levels of a national government. For example, it may
involve shifting responsibilities from government officials
working in the head office of a health ministry, to ministry
staff working in regions, provinces or districts
Delegation

involves a national government transferring

responsibility for decision making and
administration of public functions to local
government units
Devolution

is where national governments devolve

functions to sub national government. In a
devolved system, local government units often
have clear and legally recognized legal
boundaries over which they exercise authority
and within which they perform these functions.
What’s New

Now on its 30th year, R.A. 7160, or the Local Government

Code of the Philippines, dubbed as the bible of local
governance.
authored by the late Senator Aquilino Pimentel, was signed
in 1991 to decentralize governance and allow autonomy for
Local Government Units (LGUs).

former President Corazon Aquino signed it into law on

October 10, 1991.
 The intents of R.A. 7160 are for LGUs
to enjoy genuine and meaningful local
autonomy, to enable them to attain their
fullest development as self-reliant
communities, and make them more effective
partners in the attainment of national goals.
 Moreover, it is also the policy of the Philippine
government to ensure the accountability of local government
units through the institution of effective mechanisms of recall,
initiative and referendum. These mechanisms hold true to
Philippines as a representative democracy and of the notion
that the ultimate political sovereignty is exercised by the
people.
Can people remove an “ineffective” governor, city
mayor, town mayor, or barangay captain from office through
recall? How does recall work?

On Recall is a mode of removal of a public officer

by the people before the end of his term of office.
 Puerto Princesa Mayoral Recall Election. City
Mayor Lucilo Bayron defeated former mayor Edward
Hagedorn in the recall election held on May 8, 2015 in the
city of Puerto Princesa, Philippines.
Incumbent Mayor Bayron weathered the election
recall bid mounted by the camp of former mayor Edward S.
Hagedorn, winning by a decisive margin.

on Initiative
people directly propose a law, repeal, or amend a local
ordinance or resolution under the Local Government
Code
ON REFERENDUM AND PLEBISCITE

Referendum is the power of the electorate to

approve or reject a legislation through an election
called for the purpose

Plebiscite is the electoral process by which an

initiative on the Constitution is approved or rejected
by the people. Plebiscite is also the term used in
determining the creation of a barangay (village),
municipalities, cities, provinces and autonomous
regions.
RA 7740

RA 2227

RA 11198

RA 9202

RA 8796
Reporters: October 17, 2024 for PPG

Autonomous Regions of the Philippines- Ricky

Salamangca

Article X, 1987 Constitution-John Luis Guy-ab

Lesven Pelaiz
Tejay Manzano
Sec. 5. Each Local Government Unit shall have the power to
create own sources of revenue, to levy taxes, fees and
charges, etc. Note: The power of LGUs on creating their
sources of revenues is subject to such guidelines and
limitations as Congress may provide.The taxes, fees and
charges shall accrue exclusively to the LGUs

Sec. 6. LGUs shall have a just share in national taxes, as

determined by law, which shall be automatically
released to them. Note: Internal Revenue Allotment
(IRA), this is the share of LGUs in national taxes. The
share of each LGU should be released, without need of
any further action, directly to the provincial, city,
municipal or barangay treasurer.
SECTION 451. Cities, Classified. • Component Cities –
whose charters do not prohibit voters from voting for
provincial officials.

• Independent Component Cities – whose charters prohibit

their voters from voting for provincial elective officials.
Independent component cities shall be independent of the
province.

• Highly Urbanized Cities. Qualified voters of highly

urbanized cities shall remain excluded from voting for
elective provincial officials.
 The Two (2) Autonomous Regions

1. In Muslim Mindanao, the Bangsamoro Organic Law (BOL)

known as Republic Act No. 11054, also known as the
Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) and by its full title as the
“Organic Law for the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in
Muslim Mindanao,” is a Philippine law which provided for the
establishment of the autonomous political entity known as the
Bangsamoro Autonomous Region (BAR), replacing the
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). President
Duterte signed the Bangsamoro Organic Law on July 26, 2018.
2. The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) was created
through RA 8438, otherwise known as “An Act to Establish
the Cordillera Autonomous Region (1997).” Note: There is
decentralization of power where there is abdication of
political power in favor of LGUs declared to be autonomous
regions. (Bernas, 2006
 Philippine Politics and Governance
Quarter 2

The Nature
of Elections
and Political
Parties in
the
Philippines
 Instructions: Choose the letter of the correct answer
1. This refers to a group of individuals organized to
advance an ideology, vision, or program with the intention
to influence the government through participation in
elections.
A. Political Party C. Civil Movements
B. Non-Governmental Organizations D. Human Rights
2. A multi-party system is understood to mean all of the
Groups
following, EXCEPT ___.
A. Presence multiple political parties
B. No one party normally has a chance of gaining power
alone.
C. Parties must work with each other to form a coalition
government.
D. No other political party or parties are allowed to field
candidates
3. The citizens’ right to vote under Section 1 of Article V of
the 1987 Philippine Constitution is better known as the ______ .
A. The right of suffrage
B. The right against self-incrimination
C. The right to life, liberty, and property
D. The right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty

4. The following are functions of Political Parties, EXCEPT ____.

A. To play a decisive role in making laws for a country
B. To contest in national or local elections by fielding
candidates C. To commit acts of betrayal of public trust and
treason
D. To put forward different policies and programs and the
voters choose from them
 WHY IS ELECTION IMPORTANT IN DEMOCRACY?

Elections keep a democratic country functioning, as they

give people the right to select their own government.

In the Philippines, suffrage is the right to vote either

during national or local election.

This right can also be exercised during extraordinary

circumstances like recall elections, initiative, referendum,
or plebiscite
Voting is a formal expression of preference for a
candidate for office or for a proposed resolution of an
issue
The most important element of the electoral system.
This is one of the fundamental political rights of citizens

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

(adopted unanimously by the United Nations General
Assembly in 1948)

Article 21 of the declaration states that everyone has

the right to take part in the government of his/her
country, directly or through freely chosen
representatives.
Active voting rights relate to the circle of people who
have the right to elect representative bodies,

while the passive voting rights relate to the

circle of people who have the right to be elected
to such bodies.
Democracy

is defined as a government of the people, by the

people, and for the people.

A political party

is a group of individuals organized to advance an

ideology, vision, or program with the intention to
influence the government through participation in
elections.
Political Turncoatism

It means that the shifting of party affiliation is

mainly rooted on political advantages rather than on
conviction.

The Philippines adopts a multi-party system, with

numerous parties in which no one party normally has
a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must
work with each other to form a coalition
government.
The US has long since practiced the bi-party system with
the Republican Party competing against the Democratic
Party
Communist countries such as North Korea,
China, or Cuba allow the presence of only one
political party, the Communist Party
The Right of Suffrage under Article V of the Philippine 1987
Constitution