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    Strangles

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    Jon Carlos Casison

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    Strangles

    Uploaded by

    Jon Carlos Casison
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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    3 views20 pages

    Strangles

    Uploaded by

    Jon Carlos Casison

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Strangl

    es
    Intr
    o
    • Infectious, contagious disease of Equidae
    • Characterized by abscessation of the lymphoid tissue of the upper
    respiratory tract
    • The disease is seen only in horses, donkeys, mules, and hinnies
    History

    • First infection was dated in 1251

    • Strangles is named after the sign of the disease


    Etiology

    • Causative agent – Streptoccous equi var equi


    • S. equi – highly host adapted
    - gram positive, capsulated, obligate microorganism
    - B hemolytic
    - causes high morbidity, low mortality disease
    Etiology

    • Transmission occurs via fomites and through direct contact


    • The bacterium is susceptible to desiccation, extreme heat, and
    sunlight
    • Mucoid secretions are necessary for its survival
    • May survive for 4 weeks outside the host
    Etiology

    • Incubation Period – 3-14 days


    • Shedding may last for 1 month after recovery
    • Shedding may last for as long as 18 months
    • Morbidity – 90%
    • Mortality – 1-9%
    Clinical Signs

    • Fever is the first sign of infection


    • 24-48 hrs after the fever, typical signs of strangles appear
    • Signs include; mucupurulent nasal discharge, depression, and
    submandibular lymphadenopathy
    www.sciencedirect.com
    www.sciencedirect.com
    Clinical Signs

    • If the retropharyngeal lymph node is involved; see difficulty in


    swallowing, stridor, and extended head and neck
    • Older animals with immunity may develop a catarrhal form of the
    disease
    • Catarrhal form – mucoid nasal discharge, coughing, and fever
    Clinical Signs

    • Metastatic Strangles
    - a.k.a. Bastard strangles
    - abscessation of other lymph nodes (abdomen and the thorax)
    Clinical Signs

    • Complications – immune mediated complications, agalactia,myositis,


    laryngeal hemiplegia
    • Brain abscesses may also occur
    Diagnosis

    • Confirmed by bacterial culture


    • PCR
    • CBC may be used – reveals neutrophilic leukocytosis and
    hyperfibrinogenemia
    • Endoscopic examination, ultrasonography, and
    radiography
    Differentials

    • Neoplasia
    • Renal Disease
    • Parasitism
    • Hepatic diseases
    Treatment

    • Via medical management


    - environment should be warm, dry, and dust free
    - warm compress
    - Drain mature abscesses
    - Ruptured abscesses should be flushed
    - NSAID administration
    - Antimicrobial therapy
    Treatment

    • Surgery
    - Tracheotomy – indicated in horses with retropharyngeal
    abscessation and pharyngeal compression
    Preventi
    on
    • Intranasal vaccine of live attenuated strain of S. equi
    • Inactivated S equi
    Contr
    ol
    • Isolation of affected horses
    • Contaminated equipment should be cleaned
    • Caretaker should wear protective clothing
    • Control fly populations
    • Quarantine suspected animals for 14-21 days
    Differentiation From S.
    zooepidemicus
    • S. zooepidemicus is zoonotic and can infect other animals
    • Shares the same virulence with S. equi
    • S. equi zooepidemicus shares 98% DNA sequence homology with S.
    equi equi
    • Pulse field gel electrophoresis is used in investigations of S.
    zooepidemicus outbreaks.
    References

    • The Veterinary Merck Manual Eleventh Edition


    • www.sciencedirect.com
    • 2003, Equine Strangles: A Review, R. London, Iowa State University

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