2005 Indian

Ocean Tsunami
 Table of contents

What was the Indian

01 02 Causes
Ocean Tsunami

03 Processes 04 Impact

05 Video
 01
Tsunamis
 Introduction
The 2005 Indian Ocean tsunami, more commonly
known as the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
(because it occurred on December 26, 2004),
was one of the deadliest natural disasters in
recorded history. It was triggered by a massive
undersea earthquake with a magnitude of 9.1
to 9.3 off the coast of northern Sumatra,
Indonesia. This earthquake, caused by the Indian
Plate subducting beneath the Burma Plate,
resulted in a series of devastating tsunamis that
struck coastal regions around the Indian Ocean.
 This is what the tsunami looked like
ABOUT THE DISEASE

MERCURY
It’s the closest planet to the Sun and the
smallest in the Solar System

VENUS
Venus has a beautiful name and is the second
planet from the Sun

MARS
Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold
place. It’s full of iron oxide dust
 Fun Fact
Did you know that over 200,000 people
died from the Tsunami
“This is an unprecedented global
catastrophe, and it requires an
unprecedented global response.”
—Kofi Annan
 02
Causes Of the
Tsunami
 Massive Undersea Causes Lack of Tsunami
warning systems
Earthquake
The primary cause of the 2004 Many coastal regions, especially
Indian Ocean tsunami (often in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and
referred to as the 2005 tsunami due Thailand, lacked tsunami
to the aftermath extending into warning systems, proper coastal
2005) was a massive undersea defenses, or evacuation plans,
earthquake that struck off the west which led to a higher death toll
coast of northern Sumatra, and more extensive damage.
Indonesia, on December 26, 2004.
It’s the closest planet to
This earthquake had a magnitude of
the Sun and the
9.1–9.3, making
smallestit one ofSolar
in the the most
powerful ever recorded.
System
 Close Proximity to
Shallow Epicenter Epicenter
•The earthquake had a relatively shallow The hardest-hit areas, like Aceh
depth (about 30 kilometers below the in Indonesia, were located very
seafloor), which amplified the effect of the close to the earthquake’s
seafloor uplift. Shallow quakes generally epicenter, giving residents little
transfer more energy to the ocean, creating time to react. In these regions,
larger and more destructive waves. the tsunami waves struck within
minutes of the earthquake.
Processes 0
3
 Processes of the Tsunami
Earthquake: On December 26, 2004, a massive undersea earthquake struck off the west coast of
northern Sumatra, Indonesia. The earthquake had a magnitude of approximately 9.1–9.3, making it
one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded. The tectonic plates of the Indo-Australian Plate
and the Eurasian Plate shifted, causing a significant vertical displacement of the seafloor. Wave
Generation: The earthquake caused the seafloor to uplift, displacing an enormous volume of water
and generating tsunami waves. The energy released by the earthquake displaced water, creating
powerful waves that radiated outward in all directions from the epicenter. Wave Propagation: The
tsunami waves traveled across the Indian Ocean at speeds of up to 800 km/h (about 500 mph) in
deep water. In deep ocean conditions, the waves were not very tall, often less than a meter, making
them difficult to detect by ships. Wave Shoaling: As the tsunami waves approached the shallow
coastal waters of the surrounding countries, they began to slow down and increase in height due to
shoaling. This process dramatically amplified the wave height as it approached land. Idundation:
The tsunami made landfall in several countries bordering the Indian Ocean, including Indonesia,
Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, and others. In some areas, the waves reached heights of up to 30 meters
(100 feet) or more, causing catastrophic flooding and destruction. Coastal communities were
overwhelmed by successive waves, which arrived in rapid succession, leading to extensive loss of
life and property. Impact and Aftermath: Casualties: The tsunami claimed the lives of approximately
230,000 to 280,000 people across 14 countries. Indonesia was the hardest-hit nation, with the
It’s the
island of Sumatra closest
suffering the planet to
most damage.
•Destruction: Entire communities were devastated, with homes, infrastructure, and livelihoods lost.
the Sun and the
Coastal ecosystems, such as mangroves and coral reefs, were severely impacted.
•Displacement: smallest inpeople
Millions of the Solar
were displaced, and many survivors faced long-term challenges,
including loss System
of shelter, food, and access to clean water.
Impact of the 04
Tsunami
 Impact of the Tsunami
Loss of Life
• Casualties: Approximately 230,000 to 280,000 people lost their lives across 14 countries, with Indonesia
suffering the highest number of fatalities. Many victims were swept away by the massive waves, and others
were killed by subsequent flooding.
• Injuries: Hundreds of thousands were injured, with many suffering from severe trauma, both physical and
psychological.
2. Displacement and Refugees
• Homelessness: Millions were displaced from their homes. In Indonesia alone, over 500,000 people were left
homeless. Temporary shelters were set up, but conditions were often overcrowded and inadequate.
• Refugee Crisis: Many survivors became refugees, facing challenges in accessing basic needs such as food,
clean water, and sanitation.
3. Economic Impact
It’s the The
• Infrastructure Damage: closest
tsunamiplanet to critical infrastructure, including roads, bridges, hospitals,
destroyed
theThe
schools, and ports. Sun and the
rebuilding costs were estimated to be in the billions of dollars.
• Economic Disruption:
smallest Coastal economies
in the Solar reliant on tourism, fishing, and agriculture were devastated. In
some areas, tourism
Systemfell sharply, impacting local businesses and livelihoods.
• Long-Term Recovery: Economic recovery took years, with many communities struggling to rebuild their
economies and restore livelihoods.
 Video 05

https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5xby9z
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