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    Teratogenesis by Dr. Otulana - 010215

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    Oloruntomi Adesina

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    Teratogenesis by Dr. Otulana - 010215

    Uploaded by

    Oloruntomi Adesina
    5 views10 pages

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    Teratogenesis by Dr. Otulana_010215

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    5 views10 pages

    Teratogenesis by Dr. Otulana - 010215

    Uploaded by

    Oloruntomi Adesina

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Teratogenesis

    Core Course No. ZOOA – P2T,


    Group-A, Unit:2, Topic No. 5
    1
    ‐ Congenital defect:
    • All morphological, biochemical and
    functional abnormalities produced
    before or at birth.
    ‐ Congenital malformation: “Anomalies”
    • Refers merely to structural
    aberrations.
    ‐ Teratogens:
    • Substances that cause defects or
    abnormalities in fetal development
    • Defects may occur in one organ or
    more
    2
    Teratogens
    Teratogenesis are teratogenic agents and effect of teratogens on
    embryonic development.

    Examples are;
    Drugs (street or over the counter)
    Alcohol
    Cigarettes
    Disease
    Poor nutrition
    Stressors
    Chemicals
    Almost anything can impact a
    developing fetus 3
    Notice the length of
    the highly critical
    period for the CNS

    4
    ‐ Embryogenesis:
    • It is complete precisely
    programmed sequence of cell
    proliferation, differentiation,
    migration, and finally
    organogenesis
    • It involves complete cellular
    interaction in both time and space
    • The critical period of human
    embryogenesis is divided into two
    periods:
    1. Embryonic period
    2. Fetal development period 5
    Critical periods during Fetal
    Development

    6
    Proven Human
    Teratogens:
     Alcohol Proven to cause major birth defects…
     Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)
    (captopril, enalapril, lisinopril)
     Carbamazepine
     Cocaine, Marijuana, Heroin etc.
     Coumarin anticoagulants
     Diethylstilbestrol, DDE, PBC (Endrocrine disruptors)
     Folic acid antagonists: Aminopterin and methotrexate
     Streptomycin
     Retinoic Acid
     Bisphenol A (Plastics)
     Tetracyclines
     Thalidomide
     Valproate
     Warfarin
     Nicotine
    7
    8
    Some Environmental Hazards
    (to a Fetus or Newborn)
     Environmental  Infectious
    Pollutants/Heavy Microorganisms
    Metals ‐ AIDS
    ‐ Lead ‐ Cytomegalovirus
    ‐ Mercury (CMV)
    ‐ PCBs ‐ Gonorrhea
    ‐ Herpes Simplex
     Metabolic ‐ Mumps
    Conditions in ‐ Rubella (German
    Mother Measles)
    ‐ Autoimmune ‐ Syphilis
    Disease ‐ Toxoplasmosis
    ‐ Diabetes 9
    ‐ Malnutrition 
    10

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