Introduction To Java

Introduction to Java
Why Java?
● Runs on more than 5.5 billion devices. Java is versatile and applicable to Web
Development, Mobile Apps (Android), Desktop Applications, IOT Devices and more.
● Java's OOP implementation is widely regarded as robust and effective.
● Enterprise and Large-Scale Systems. Java is trusted for its stability, scalability, and
security in mission-critical projects.
● Platform Independency allows Java to compile it’s code once and run in any OS with
a JVM (Java Virtual Machine).
Platform Independency - A key feature of Java
In order to understand Platform Independency, we must know about three core
components of Java and understand how Java executes its codes.
● JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is platform dependent interpreter. This is the component that
executes bytecode. Mac, Linux, Windows each has different JVMs.
● JRE (Java Runtime Environment) contains the environment and libraries that JVM uses to
execute Java programs. JRE includes JVM as well. JRE is required to RUN any java program.
● JDK (Java Development Kit) contains various tools for developers like Java Compiler (javac)
, Java Debugger (jdb) etc. JDK is required for coding and developing Java applications. JRE is
included with JDK.
Platform Independency (Contd.)
1) Java code goes through the compiler within the JDK.
2) Compiler converts Java Code to Byte Code which is platform independent. Now this
ByteCode can be run in any OS without compiling.
3) This ByteCode (.class file) is executed by the JVM using various libraries from the JRE.
Byte Code
Source Files (.class) files
(.java) files Compiler JVM Libraries
JDK JRE
Debugger
Installing JDK & DrJava
For this course we’ll be using JDK version 8.
Link to JDK version 8:
We’ll be using DrJava as IDE:
Link to DrJava:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bNB0VWxQPOJ1SFmA9nFwHt_TRhm3JvVu/view
Writing Your First Program
Let’s write our first program using Java
1. public class FirstProgram {

This program will print out
“Hello World”.
2. public static void main (String [] args){
3. System.out.print(“Hello World“);
4. }
PS: For now you have to memorize
5. }
the highlighted portion.
Welcome to DrJava. Working directory is /home/Documents Don’t worry, all of it will make sense
> run FirstProgram by the end of this course.
Hello World
Running Java code using DrJava
After writing our code using Dr

Java’s editor, we have to
1. Save the code.
2. Compile the code.
3. Run the code.
Keep in mind, you file name has

to be the same as the Class
name.
In this example, FirstProgram is

our class name.
Printing in Java
To show the output in the console, java uses three different approaches.
prints any argument passed to

it while keeping the cursor on
System.out. print() the same line
refers to the prints any argument passed to

System.out. println() it followed by a line break
output stream
System.out. printf() prints the output in a specified

format
Printing in Java (Contd)
1. public class PrintingExample{

2. public static void main(String[] args) {
3. float y = 1.56f;
4. System.out.print("Number: " + 23);
5. System.out.println("Hello World");
6. System.out.printf("Formatted y = %.4f\n", y);
7. }
8. }
Welcome to DrJava. Working directory is C:\Users\Desktop

> run PrintingExample
Number: 23Hello World
Formatted y = 1.5600
Comments in Java
● Comments are used to make the code more readable and easily understandable.
● The commented portions of code are ignored by the java compiler.
● Single line comments: Two forward slashes (//) are used at the beginning of the
line.
● Multi-line comments: It starts with /* and ends with */
Comments in Java (Contd)
1. public class Comments{

2. public static void main(String[] args) {
3. // This is an example of single-line comment
4. System.out.println("Comments in Java");
5. /* This is an example of
6. multi-line comments */
7. System.out.println("Program ends!");
8. }
9. }
Welcome to DrJava. Working directory is C:\Users\Desktop

> run Comments
Comments in Java
Program ends!
Java Keywords
Java Keywords are few reserved words that have predefined meanings and can not be
used as variable names. Let’s get to know some of them.
1. public : An access modifier keyword. It means the class/method is accessible from any
other classes. Private and Protected are other types of access modifiers.
2. class : keyword is used to specify the classname. In our example, class FirstProgram
means that FirstProgram is the classname.

4. }
5. }
Java Keywords (Contd)
3. void : This keyword means nothing will be returned from the method. We’ll learn more
about these in the later lectures.
4. static : It means the method can be invoked without creating an instance of the class.
Again, it’ll all make sense when we learn about these in the upcoming lectures.

4. }
5. }
Java keywords list: https://www.javatpoint.com/java-keywords

Java Scopes
In Java, scopes define the visibility and lifetime of variables, methods, and
classes. Primarily these scopes are defined using { } (Curly Braces).
As shown in the example, after declaring 1. public class FirstProgram {

the classname “FirstProgram” in the line 2. public static void main (String [] args) {
1, “{“ was used. It meant everything 3. System.out.print(“Hello World“);
below was within Class Scope until the 4. }
bracket was closed in line 5 using “}”. 5. }
Note: We’ll learn more about scopes in the Branching and Loop chapters.
THANK YOU!

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Introduction to Java

Link to JDK version 8:

We’ll be using DrJava as IDE:

1. public class FirstProgram {

After writing our code using Dr

Keep in mind, you file name has

In this example, FirstProgram is

prints any argument passed to

refers to the prints any argument passed to

System.out. printf() prints the output in a specified

1. public class PrintingExample{

Welcome to DrJava. Working directory is C:\Users\Desktop

1. public class Comments{

Welcome to DrJava. Working directory is C:\Users\Desktop

1. public class FirstProgram {

1. public class FirstProgram {

Java keywords list: https://www.javatpoint.com/java-keywords

As shown in the example, after declaring 1. public class FirstProgram {

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