Composition 27032024 090045am 26072024 100343am

Compositi
on
Object Oriented
Programming
Spring
2020
Imran
Siddiqi
Introductio
Innreal-life, complex objects are often
built from smaller, simpler objects. For
example
oA car is built using a metal frame, an engine,

some tires, a transmission, a steering wheel,
and a large number of other parts.
oA personal computer is built from a

CPU, a motherboard, some memory,
etc.
2
The process of building complex
objects from simpler ones is called
composition (also known as
object composition).
3
Compositi
on
More specifically, composition is used for
objects that have a has-a relationship to each
other.
A car has-a metal frame, has-an engine, and

has-a
transmission.
A personal computer has-a CPU, a

motherboard, and other components.
4
Composition -
Example
5
Composition -
Example
6
class Date Composition -
Example
{
public:
Date( int d= 1, int m= 1, int y= 1900 );
void print() const;
~Date();
private:
int month;
int day;
int year;
};
Date::Date( int mn, int dy, int yr )
{
month = mn;
year = yr;
7
day = dy;}
void Date::print() const
{
cout << month << '/' << day << '/' << year;
}
Date::~Date()
{
cout << "Date object destructor for date ";
cout << endl;
}
8
class Employee
{
public:
Employee( int ,Date, Date );
void print() const;
~Employee();
private:
int ID;
Date birthDate;
Date hireDate;
};
Employee::Employee( i Date dateOfBirth, Date dateOfHire )

: ID(eID),birthDate(
nt eID, dateOfBirth ), hireDate( dateOfHire )
{
}
9
void Employee::print() const
{
cout << Emp ID << ", " << ID << " Hired: ";
hireDate.print();
cout << " Birthday:
"; birthDate.print();
cout << endl;
}
Employee::~Employee()
{
}
10
int main()
{
Date birth( 7, 24, 1949 );
Date hire( 3, 12, 1989 );
Employee manager( 123, birth, hire );
cout << endl;

manager.print();
return 0;
}
11
Composition
and
Aggregati
on
Composition vs.
Aggregation
► Both represent ‘has-a’
relationship
of the "has
► Composition is a stronger a“
variant relationship
► Aggregation can occur when a class is a collection
or container of other classes, but where the
contained classes do not have a strong life
cycle dependency on the container
► If the container is destroyed, its contents are not.
Composition vs.
Aggregation
► Composition has a strong life cycle
dependency between instances of the
container class and instances of the contained
class(es)
► If the container is destroyed, normally every
instance that it contains is destroyed as well
UML
Notation
Composition
Aggregation
Exampl
► Team has players
esAggregation: If team dissolve, Player will still exists
►
► Player has a date of birth

► Composition: If player does not exist there will be no date of
birth
► Course has registered students
► Aggregation: If this course does not exist, students will still be
there
► Circle has a Point (center)
► Composition: If circle is not there, we won’t have its center
The ‘this’
Pointer
► Member functions – Access to a pointer named
‘this’
► Points to the object itself
► A member function can find the address of the
object of which it is member
The this
Pointer
class Where
{
private:
int x;
public:
void reveal()
{
cout<<“My object address is : “<< this << endl;
}
};
int main()
{ Where w1,w2,w3;
w1.reveal();
w2.reveal();
w3.reveal();
return 0;
}
Accessing Member Data with
‘this’
class What
{
private:
int alpha;
public:
void tester()
{
this->alpha = 10;
cout << this->alpha;
}
};
int main()
{ What w;
w.tester();
return 0;
}
Exampl
e #include <iostream.h>
using namespace std;
class Test{
public:
Test(int xx =0);
voidprint () const;
private:
int x;
};
Exampl
e
Test::Test (int a ) // Constructor
{ x = a;}
void Test::print() const
{
cout << " x is equal to " << x ;
<< "\n this->x is equal to "<<this->x;
cout << "\n (*this).x is equal to "<< (*this).x <<endl;
}
int
cout
main (void)
{ Test testobject(12);
testobject.print();
return 0;
}
Exampl
elass Point{
c
private:
int x;
int
y;
public: x, int y){
Point(this->x = x;
int
this->y =
y;
}
};
The Composite
Rectangle Class
class
Rectangle
{ private:
Poin upperLeft,
t lowerRight;
public:
Rectangle() {}
Rectangle (Point ul, Point
lr);
Poin GetUpperLeft() const { return upperLeft;
t } GetLowerRight() const { return
Poin SetUpperLeft(Point
void lowerRight; }
Location)
t
{ upperLeft = Location; }
void SetLowerRight(Point
Location)
{ lowerRight = Location;
} int GetArea() const; 23
};

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Compositi

oA car is built using a metal frame, an engine,

oA personal computer is built from a

A car has-a metal frame, has-an engine, and

A personal computer has-a CPU, a

Employee::Employee( i Date dateOfBirth, Date dateOfHire )

cout << endl;

► Player has a date of birth

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