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CUITM114 LECTURE 1 Introduction To Programming

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10 views

CUITM114 LECTURE 1 Introduction To Programming

Uploaded by

convincenemapare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Programming

What is Programming

• Computer programming is the process of designing, developing


and testing computer programs.

• A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using


a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task
by the computer
• Program: a set of detailed and unambiguous instructions that
instructs a computer to perform a specific task, for example, to
add a set of numbers.
• Programmer: A person who specialises in designing, developing
and testing computer programs
Type of Programs
1. Off the shell/ Generic

2. Bespoke/ Tailor-made
Off- the Shelf / Generic Program
• It is a type of software that is ready-made and
available for sale to the general public .
• It is designed to provide a general set of features
that a broad range of customers will find useful.
The most popular and widely used software is
usually off-the-shelf, eg web browsers, apps and
games. Microsoft Office is a COTS product that is
a packaged software solution for businesses,
schools, university, general users etc
Bespoke Software

• These are programs specifically designed to


meet the unique needs of only one
organisation
• The organisation would employ or hire an
analyst / programmer who will first asses the
needs of the organisation before designing a
program that will solve the problems of the
organisation
Programming languages
• Are a vocabulary or set of grammatical rules
(syntax) and set of symbols for instructing a
computer to perform specific tasks.
• .Programming languages are used to create
computer programs.
Types of Programming Languages
• Low Level Languages (LLL):
• These are programming languages used to write programs
in machine code (i.e in 1s and 0s) or in mnemonic codes.
• Low level languages are machine oriented (machine
specific).
• Low level language is in two forms:

1. Machine Language and


2. Assembly Language.
Machine Language
• Is the language used to write programs in binary form
(1s and 0s)
• Machine language is the “natural language” of a
computer which it understands and as such is defined by
its hardware design.
• Machine languages are machine dependent (i.e., a
particular machine language can be used on only one
type of computer)
• However they are very difficult to learn and understand.
They are difficult to use and therefore very few
programmers use them these days.
Assembly Language
• These are programming languages that use mnemonic
codes in coding programs.
• Mnemonic codes are abbreviations used to represent
instructions when coding assembly language programs,
for example, LDA for Load, ADD for Addition, etc.
• Although these codes clearer to humans, it’s
incomprehensible to computers until translated to
machine language.
• Also programmers still have to use many instructions to
accomplish even the simplest tasks. Takes too long to
develop working programs
High level language
• These are programming languages that use English-like
statements in writing programs,
• High-level languages allow programmers to write instructions
that look almost like everyday English and contain commonly
used mathematical notations. A payroll program written in a
high-level language might contain a statement such as
grossPay = basePay + overTimePay;
Examples of HLL include C , C++, Java ,Python ,VB.net etc

• Programs written in High Level Language are first converted to


machine code before running using a compiler or an intepreter
High level language cont…..
• The process of compiling a high-level language
program into machine language can take a
considerable amount of computer time
• HLL are easier to learn and understand
• Hll are easier to debug( correct errors) and test
written programs
• Programs written using HLL are machine
independent ie the program can run on
different machines
Types of Computer code
• Source code- is the set of instructions and statements
written by a programmer using a computer programming
language. This code is later translated into machine
language by a compiler. It contains declarations,
instructions, functions, loops and other statements, which
act as instructions for the program on how to function
• Object code - is produced when an interpreter or a
compiler translates source code into recognizable and
executable machine code.Object code is a set of
instruction codes that is understood by a computer at the
lowest hardware level.( in the form of binary digits)
Types of Computer code

Source code Compiler Object code

Human readable Machine readable

• Executable code. is the fully-compiled version of the


Software program that can be executed by a computer
and used by an end user without further compilation. It
is software in a form that can be run in the computer.
They are machine code which can be directly executed
by the CPU.

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